Opinion
CIVIL NO. 98-2092(JAG).
August 31, 2005.
Luis R. Mellado-Gonzalez, Luis R. Mellado Gonzalez Law Office, San Juan, PR, for Plaintiffs.
Fernando A. Baerga-Ibanez, Alberto R. Estrella-Arteaga, Curbelo, Baerga Quintana Law Office, Jose E. CarrerasRovira, Jose E. Carreras Law Office, San Juan, PR, for Defendants.
OPINION AND ORDER
The present case has its genesis in a complaint filed by the Puerto Rico Labor Relations Board on behalf of the plaintiffs. The defendants removed the case to this Court on September 30th, 1998, (Docket No. 1) arguing the case involves a cause of action under Section 301 of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, 29 U.S.C. § 185 ("LMRA").
This case was originally assigned to the docket of the Honorable Gilberto Gierbolini, Senior District Judge. Upon Judge Gierbolini's retirement, the case was reassigned to the undersigned Judge's docket on April 15th, 2004.
Pending before the Court is a Motion for Summary Judgment, filed by defendant Airport Catering Services ("ACS") on January 28th, 2000. (Docket No. 35). For the reasons set forth below, the Court GRANTS the Motion.
Then co-defendant Union Independiente de Trabajadores de Aeropuerto ("UITA") also filed a Motion for Summary Judgment on January 28th, 2000. (Docket No. 37). However, the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed their claims against the UITA on March 9th, 2000, (Docket No. 49) and the Court entered Judgment dismissing the complaint, with prejudice, as to that party on March 15th, 2000. (Docket No. 50).
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
As mandated by First Circuit standards, the Court states the facts in the light most favorable to the party opposing summary judgment. Acosta-Orozco v. Rodriguez de Rivera, 132 F.3d 97, 98 (1997).
On or about January 1992, ACS laid off plaintiffs while they were bona fide members of the UITA, and while they were under the provisions of a collective bargaining agreement in effect between ACS and UITA. On January 22, 1992, the UITA filed a Complaint before the Bureau of Conciliation and Arbitration of the Puerto Rico Department of Labor, requesting that entity to overturn ACS's employment decision, and order the reinstatement of plaintiffs with back pay. On June 16, 1994, an arbitrator of the Bureau of Conciliation and Arbitration issued an award concluding that ACS violated the collective bargaining agreement, and ordering the reinstatement of all plaintiffs with back pay. The arbitral award was upheld by the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico.
Between June and October of 1995, while the case was pending before the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, the parties reached an economic agreement, and ACS obtained written releases from numerous complainants ("Y plaintiffs"). It is uncontested that ACS paid Y plaintiffs the corresponding amounts in accordance with the Settlement Agreements. (Docket No. 18 at 9, ¶ 5.). On May 7th, 1997, the First Circuit confirmed the District Court's ruling sustaining the arbitral award. On August 26, 1997, plaintiff Eliseo Rivera-Cortés, on behalf of himself and other plaintiffs, filed a charge against ACS and UITA before both the National Labor Relations Board ("NLRB") and the Puerto Rico Labor Relations Board ("PRLRB"). (Docket No. 1). Both complaints essentially allege: 1) a scheme of deceit and conspiracy as to the release agreements obtained from the Y plaintiffs; and 2) a failure to honor the arbitral award, lack of reinstatement and back pay as to those complainants who did not sign the releases ("N plaintiffs").
On September 23, 1997, the PRLRB charge was amended to include other plaintiffs. (Docket No. 1, PRLRB Charge-Amendment).
On December 19, 1997, the NLRB dismissed the charge, and the PRLRB did the same on February 6, 1998. On April 27, 1998, all plaintiffs moved for reconsideration, which prompted the PRLRB to reopen the case. On September 11, 1998, the PRLRB issued a complaint on behalf of the plaintiffs against UITA and ACS. On September 30th, 1998, ACS removed the case to this Court, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1446, arguing that plaintiffs' complaint involves a cause of action under Section 301(a) of the LMRA.
Plaintiffs herein are thus former ACS employees, which include in group "Y" those who allege being misled by the defendants into signing a release relinquishing the remedies afforded to them by the arbitral award; and in group "N", those who did not sign the release but still claim that ACS has not afforded them the remedies embodied in the arbitral award, namely, reinstatement and back pay.
ACS moved for summary judgment arguing that the complaint is time-barred because it was filed after the expiration of the six-month statute of limitations set for actions under Section 301. ACS further argues that, contrary to plaintiffs' contention, the Secretary of Labor's approval was not a necessary condition for the validity of the Y plaintiffs' release. Finally, ACS argues that all plaintiffs lack evidence in support of their claim.
On November 3rd, 2004, the Court referred ACS' Motion to Magistrate-Judge Camille Vélez-Rivé for a Report and Recommendation. (Docket No. 99). On February 24th, 2005, the Magistrate-Judge issued her Report and Recommendation to grant in part and deny in part ACS's Motion for Summary Judgment. (Docket No. 111). Specifically, the Magistrate-Judge recommends the Court to grant summary judgment as to Y plaintiffs' claims, because "the release agreements remain fully operational and functional even though they lack the signature of the Secretary of Labor." She does not address the statute of limitations issue as to this group of plaintiffs. However, the Magistrate-Judge concludes that N plaintiffs' claim is not time-barred because "the exact date when these plaintiffs could have acquired actual or constructive knowledge of the unfair labor practice cannot be determined."
After reviewing the Magistrate-Judge's findings, as well as the parties' objections, the Court hereby REJECTS the Magistrate-Judge's Report and Recommendation, and GRANTS defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment on statute of limitations grounds.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
1. Review of Magistrate-Judge's Report and Recommendation
A District Court may, on its own motion, refer a pending motion to a U.S. Magistrate-Judge for a Report and Recommendation. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B); Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(b); Local Rule 72(a). Pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(b) and Local Rule 72(d), the adversely affected party may contest the Magistrate-Judge's Report and Recommendation by filing written objections "[w]ithin ten days of being served" with a copy of the order. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). If a party files timely objections to the Magistrate-Judge's Report and Recommendation, the Court shall make a de novo determination of those portions of the report or specified proposed findings or recommendations to which specific objection is made. See United States v. Raddatz, 447 U.S. 667, 673 (1980); Lopez v. Chater, 8 F.Supp.2d 152, 154 (D.P.R. 1998). The Court can "accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the findings or recommendations made by the Magistrate." Alamo Rodgríquez v. Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 286 F. Supp2d 144, 146 (D.P.R. 2003) (quoting, Templeman v. Chris Craft Corp., 770 F.2d 245, 247 (1st Cir. 1985). However if the affected party fails to timely file objections, "the district court can assume that they have agreed to the Magistrate's recommendation." Id.
2. Summary Judgment Standard
The court's discretion to grant summary judgment is governed by Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Rule 56 states, in pertinent part, that the court may grant summary judgment only if "the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); See also Santiago-Ramos v. Centennial P.R. Wireless Corp., 217 F.3d 46, 52. (1st Cir. 2000).
Summary judgment is appropriate if "there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and . . . the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law." See Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). The party moving for summary judgment bears the burden of showing the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. See Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986).
Once a properly supported motion has been presented before the court, the opposing party has the burden of demonstrating that a trial-worthy issue exists that would warrant the court's denial of the motion for summary judgment. For issues where the opposing party bears the ultimate burden of proof, that party cannot merely rely on the absence of competent evidence, but must affirmatively point to specific facts that demonstrate the existence of an authentic dispute. See Suarez v. Pueblo Int'l, Inc., 229 F.3d 49 (1st Cir. 2000).
In order for a factual controversy to prevent summary judgment, the contested facts must be "material" and the dispute must be "genuine". "Material" means that a contested fact has the potential to change the outcome of the suit under governing law. The issue is "genuine" when a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party based on the evidence. See Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). It is well settled that "[t]he mere existence of a scintilla of evidence" is insufficient to defeat a properly supported motion for summary judgment."Id. at 252. It is therefore necessary that "a party opposing summary judgment must present definite, competent evidence to rebut the motion." Maldonado-Denis v. Castillo-Rodriguez, 23 F.3d 576, 581 (1st Cir. 1994).
In making this assessment, the court "must view the entire record in the light most hospitable to the party opposing summary judgment, indulging in all reasonable inferences in that party's favor." Griggs-Ryan v. Smith, 904 F.2d 112, 115 (1st Cir. 1990). The court may safely ignore "conclusory allegations, improbable inferences, and unsupported speculation." Medina-Muñoz v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 896 F.2d 5, 8 (1st Cir. 1990).
DISCUSSION
ACS argues that it is not imperative for the Court to enter into the merits of the case because the main issue to consider is the timeliness of the filing of the complaint. In essence, ACS argues that the statute of limitations for the present action had elapsed by the time the plaintiffs' complaint was removed to this Court, and that the filing of charges before both the NLRB and the PRLRB did not toll the six-month limitations period.
The plaintiffs do not counter ACS' proposition. They only claim that the statute of limitations argument "would be dispositive of the case at bar if the only allegation was related to the breach of the duty of fair representation." (Docket No. 44 at 4). Plaintiffs contend that aside from the Section 301 claims, they also allege that the settlement agreement between ACS, UITA and the Y plaintiffs "is null and void because it was conditioned to the approval of the Secretary of Labor, approval which is absent." Id. Nevertheless, plaintiffs concede that "the instant case presents some issues that standing alone are not within the sphere of section 301 nor require any federal statute for its interpretation," and that "should this Court find some merit in defendants contention that the complaint is time-barred, the issue regarding the settlement contract should be remanded to the state courts to determine the validity of said contract." Id., at 9.
This case was removed to this Court from the PRLRB. Hence, there is no state court to which any state law claim related to the settlement contract could be remanded to. The Court, nonetheless, has opted not to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over this claim under 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c))(3). See infra, at 13.
In sum, plaintiffs do not object to ACS' statute of limitations defense as to the Section 301 claims and, furthermore, suggest the Court to remand the case to state court for disposition of the ancillary contractual issues. Notwithstanding, the Magistrate-Judge did not consider the complaint as time-barred for any group of plaintiffs, and would only dismiss the claim as to the Y plaintiffs on state law nullity of contract grounds. The Court disagrees.
Arriaga-Zayas v. International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union-Puerto Rico Council, 835 F.2d 11, (1st Cir. 1987) controls the case at bar. In Arriaga-Zayas, the First Circuit established, citing DelCostello v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters, 462 U.S. 151, 169-172, 103 S.Ct. 2281, 76 L.Ed.2d 476 (1983), that an "adscititious six month statute of limitations, derived from § 10(b) of the LMRA, applies to hybrid § 301/fair representation actions," and that such limitations period starts to accrue when the plaintiff knows, or reasonably should know, of the acts constituting the union and/or the employer's alleged wrongdoing. Id., at 13. The First Circuit further stated that the Supreme Court has made it "crystal clear" that an employee whose interests have been slighted by his union or employer can simultaneously tread both administrative and judicial paths. Id.; Volkswagen v. Puerto Rico Labor Relations Board, 454 F.2d 58 (1st Cir. 1972). However, the appellate Court ruled that the filing of an unfair labor practice charge with either the NLRB or the PRLRB does not toll the statute of limitations on a hybrid § 301/fair representation action arising out of the same nucleus of operative fact, as those agencies' jurisdiction is concurrent with that of the district court. Id., at 14; Estades v. Unión Gastronómica, 593 F.Supp. 778, 782-783 (D.P.R. 1984).
Therefore, the fundamental question for the Court in this case is: When did the plaintiffs know or should have known of ACS's breach of the collective bargaining agreement, and of UITA's breach of its duty of fair representation? Various dates are relevant in determining this:
1) June to October, 1995 — During this period the Y plaintiffs signed the releases. (Docket No. 1, Complaint ¶ 9; Docket No. 8 at 3; Docket No. 37 at 14). The Y plaintiffs allege that both the ACS and the UITA acted in conjunction to coerce and deceive the plaintiffs into signing the releases. If they felt coerced and intimidated, then Plaintiffs arguably should have known from that moment that the UITA had breached its duty of fair representation, and that ACS had breached the collective bargaining agreement.
2) May 7th, 1997 — On this date the First Circuit affirmed the arbitration award. All plaintiffs arguably should have known at this juncture that they were misled by the UITA into relinquishing their full benefits, since the First Circuit validated their entitlement to reinstatement and back pay.
3) August 26th, 1997 — On this date, Eliseo Rivera-Cortés, on behalf of himself and the other plaintiffs, filed charges before the NLRB and the PRLRB for the same conduct challenged in the present case.
4) September 30th, 1998 — the present action was removed to this Court.
Construing the facts in the light most favorable to the plaintiffs, the Court rules that plaintiffs' cause of action accrued on or before the day they filed charges before the NLRB and the PRLRB: August 26, 1997. Since the allegations brought before those administrative entities challenged the same conduct at issue here, plaintiffs were aware of their Section 301 causes of action at least on that date. However, after their initial recourse to the NLRB and the PRLRB, plaintiffs did nothing to safeguard their Section 301 cause of action, and chose to rely exclusively on those agencies' remedies. The Court notes that on December 19th, 1997, the NLRB found no merit in plaintiffs' allegations and dismissed the charges, and that on February 6th, 1998, the PRLRB did the same. (Docket No. 37, Exhibit B; Docket No. 1, Complaint ¶ 15). Nonetheless, instead of promptly filing in federal court, the plaintiffs chose to present a motion for reconsideration before the PRLRB approximately two months later. The PRLRB did reconsider, but did not issue a Complaint until September 11th, 1998. On September 30, 1998, the case was removed to the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico.
Arriaga-Zayas, 835 F.2d at 13, recognized the date of filing before the NLRB as the date of accrual for a Section 301(a) case.See also Simmons v. Howard University, 157 F.3d 914, 916-17 (D.C. Cir. 1998); Washington v. Service Employees International Union, Local 50, 130 F.3d 825, 826 (8th Cir. 1997).
Inasmuch as the proceedings before the NLRB and the PRLRB did not toll the six-month limitations period, Arriaga-Zayas, 835 F.2d at 14, this case should have been brought before the Court six months after August 26th, 1997; that is, by February 26th, 1998. Therefore, the present case is time-barred and brevis disposition is appropriate.
The case being a removal is of no consequence for this determination. See Estades, 593 F.Supp. at 780.
CONCLUSION
In light of the foregoing, the Court GRANTS ACS' Motion for Summary Judgment, and DISMISSES all claims brought under the purview of Section 301(a) of the Labor Management Relations Act, 29 U.S.C § 185(a), without prejudice to any state law claim that plaintiffs may wish to assert in a state court or administrative forum of competent jurisdiction. See 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c)(3) (the district courts may decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over a claim under subsection(a) if . . . (3) the District Court has dismissed all claims over which it has original jurisdiction). Judgment shall enter accordingly.
IT IS SO ORDERED.