Opinion
May 23, 1986
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Monroe County, Pine, J.
Present — Dillon, P.J., Callahan, Boomer, Green and Schnepp, JJ.
Order unanimously modified, on the law, to grant defendant's motion dismissing complaint and, as modified, affirmed, without costs. Memorandum: We agree with Special Term that personal jurisdiction over separate defendants may not be obtained by service of a single summons on a person who qualifies as a representative of a corporation pursuant to CPLR 311 (1) and as a person of suitable age and discretion at a natural person's actual place of business under CPLR 308 (2). Such service cannot be deemed to be "'reasonably calculated, under all the circumstances, to apprise [the] interested part[y] of the pendency of the action'" (Bossuk v Steinberg, 58 N.Y.2d 916, 918-919, quoting Mullane v Central Hanover Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314). A copy of process for each defendant is vital to accomplish the statutory aim of affording notice of the impending action.
However, Special Term erred in holding that service of process on defendant Yonkers Professional Hospital in February 1980 tolled the Statute of Limitations as to defendant Rish because they were "united in interest" under CPLR 203 (b). In order to determine whether defendants are united in interest, both the jural relationship of the parties whose interests are said to be united and the nature of the claim asserted against them by the plaintiff must be examined (Connell v Hayden, 83 A.D.2d 30, 42-43; see, Capital Dimensions v Oberman Co., 104 A.D.2d 432, 433). In an action to recover for the torts of negligence or malpractice the defenses available to two defendants will be identical, and thus their interest will be united, only where one is vicariously liable for the acts of the other (Connell v Hayden, supra, at p 45; see also, D'Andria v County of Suffolk, 112 A.D.2d 397, 398-399). The existence of unity of interest is a question of law, not of fact (see, Scheff v St. John's Episcopal Hosp., 115 A.D.2d 532), and may not be determined by virtue of the allegations of a pleading. On a previous appeal in this case we dismissed the vicarious liability claims against Yonkers, holding that a physician's involvement as a director or stockholder of a hospital does not supply any inference that the hospital controlled or supervised his private practice and that the defendant Yonkers "cannot be held vicariously liable under the doctrine of respondeat superior" (Raschel v Rish, 110 A.D.2d 1067, 1068, appeal dismissed 65 N.Y.2d 923). Under the law of the case defendant Yonkers is not vicariously liable for defendant Rish's alleged malpractice and, since there was never a unity of interest, the Statute of Limitations was not tolled and the 1984 service of process on Rish was untimely.