Opinion
November 18, 1930.
March 9, 1931.
Carriers — Railroads — Freight charges — Demurrage — Consignee — Agreement to pay charges — Substitution of goods — Liability of terminal carrier.
In an action of assumpsit by a railroad to recover freight and demurrage charges upon a shipment of hay, defendant who shipped the hay to itself as consignee, and subsequently ordered the car reshipped to itself with all charges to follow, was liable to pay all charges involved in the shipments, including demurrage and the costs of the sale of the hay by auction.
In such case a verdict for plaintiff for the amount of freight to original destination only was not in accordance with the evidence, and the court properly entered judgment for plaintiff in the total amount of the freight charges, demurrage and costs of the sale at auction.
A consignee who accepts the goods or exercises dominion over them is liable for freight charges.
Federal legislation requires that an initial carrier issuing a bill of lading for transportation to a destination beyond its lines, should be considered as employing the connecting carriers as its agents. The terminal or delivering carrier was not when this shipment moved, made liable for the tort of another.
Appeal No. 164, October T., 1930, by defendants from judgment of C.P., Bradford County, No. 133, December T., 1923, in the case of Philadelphia Reading Railway Company v. J.V. Taylor, Sr., B.A. Taylor, J.V. Taylor, Jr., and L.C. Taylor, co-partners trading and doing business as The Wyalusing Hay Company.
Before TREXLER, P.J., KELLER, LINN, GAWTHROP, CUNNINGHAM, BALDRIGE and WHITMORE, JJ. Affirmed.
Assumpsit to recover freight and demurrage charges. Before SEARLE, P.J., 22nd Judicial District, specially presiding.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Superior Court.
Verdict for plaintiff in the sum of $85.49. The court entered judgment in the sum of $654.54. Defendant appealed.
Error assigned, among others, was the entry of judgment for plaintiff.
John C. Ingham, for appellants, cited: M.K. T. Ry. Co. v. Ward, 244 U.S. 383; P. R. Ry. Co. v. International Motor Co., 84 Pa. Super. 582; Hoffman v. Marano, 71 Pa. Super. 26; Van Pelt v. Spotz, 92 Pa. Super. 213.
William P. Wilson, and with him J. Roy Lilley, for appellee.
Argued November 18, 1930.
The plaintiff, Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company, sued for freight and demurrage on a carload of hay. The shipment originated on the Lehigh Valley Railroad at West Candor, New York. The Lehigh Valley issued to defendant, the appellant, its order-notify bill of lading June 30, 1920; destination, Wilmington, N.C.; route, "L.V., P.R.R., and A.C.L. delivery." The car arrived at Wilmington, N.C., but delivery was not taken by the notify-party. Defendant then surrendered the bill of lading to the Atlantic Coast Line, the terminal carrier, at Wilmington, N.C., and, by writing, directed that company to ship the hay to defendant at Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, on plaintiff's railroad, stating: "you will please arrange to bill this car to us flat, with all charges to follow." On arrival at Shenandoah, defendant ordered plaintiff to deliver the car on the tracks of Indian Ridge Colliery; that party refused to accept it, and defendant, though immediately notified, failed to take delivery, and abandoned the shipment. Plaintiff stored the hay, and pursuant to the statute, sold it to enforce its lien, receiving therefore $97.18, with which defendant was credited in the statement of claim.
The suit is for all the freight, demurrage and storage charges, accruing from West Candor, New York, where the Lehigh Valley received it, to Wilmington, N.C., (1) in accordance with defendant's promise to pay them as evidenced by its order quoted above; (Baltimore and Ohio R.R. v. Samuel, 48 Pa. Super. 274) and, (2) for the tariff charges from Wilmington, N.C., to Shenandoah, Pa., which are claimed under the contract of carriage made at Wilmington, N.C., with the Atlantic Coast Line, for ultimate delivery on plaintiff's road. All the charges are alleged to be calculated and due according to filed tariffs, except certain items for handling the hay at Shenandoah amounting to $30.66; these handling charges were not allowed by the court, and no complaint concerning them is made here. The charges claimed according to the tariffs in evidence, less the sum realized at the sale, amount to $436.48, with interest.
The defense was that the hay delivered at Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, was not that originally shipped from New York; that at Wilmington, N.C., the Atlantic Coast Line substituted a poorer quality of hay, which defendant rejected at Shenandoah, thereby sustaining a loss (after deducting freight to Wilmington, N.C.) of $233.96, which it counter-claimed in this suit.
The case was tried in February, 1926. A jury rendered a verdict for plaintiff for $89.45. Both sides presented motions for judgment n.o.v., plaintiff desiring judgment for the full amount of its claim, instead of judgment on the verdict. In 1930, after the death of the trial judge, President Judge SEARLE of the 22d Judicial District was called in to dispose of the pending motions; after hearing, he granted plaintiff's motion and allowed judgment for such charges as were established by published tariffs.
Appellant's position in this court is based on the inference that, by its verdict, the jury has found, as appellant contended, that there was a substitution of hay of inferior quality by the Atlantic Coast Line at Wilmington, N.C., and that the resulting loss may be set off against plaintiff's claim — (1) for tariff charges earned from Wilmington, N.C., to Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, and — (2) the charges to Wilmington, even though defendant had agreed to pay them to plaintiff in the written order which led to the shipment over plaintiff's line, without which promise, of course, the shipment could not have gone forward collect. Neither position is sound, for two reasons. In the first place, we pass over what is said about the inferences suggested by the verdict, and come to the complaint that plaintiff's motion for binding instructions was refused; if we find that a verdict for the full amount of plaintiff's claim should have been directed, it is as immaterial what the verdict was as if the jury had been discharged for disagreeing: Act of April 20, 1911, P.L. 70. In the second place, the counter-claim for damages alleged to have been incurred before the transportation from Wilmington began, is inconsistent with defendant's express agreement to pay to plaintiff all the tariff charges; the promise is unconditional: Baltimore Ohio R.R. Co. v. Samuel, supra; Wabash R.R. Co. v. Pearce, 192 U.S. 179, 189.
While the federal legislation required that an initial carrier issuing a bill of lading for transportation to a destination beyond its line should be considered as employing the connecting carriers as its agents, the terminal or delivering carrier was not made liable for the tort of another; the law left "the relation of all connecting carriers, including the terminal carrier, to the shipper or consignee and to each other, entirely unaffected": Oregon etc., Co. v. McGinn, 258 U.S. 409.
When the defendant sent its written order to the Atlantic Coast Line directing that company to "arrange to forward this car to us at Shenandoah via P. R. ...... You will please arrange to bill this car to us flat with all charges to follow," it was, of course, that company's duty to forward defendant's property. This record however shows that after the car was reshipped from Wilmington, N.C., pursuant to defendant's order, it arrived at destination, Shenandoah, Pa. Defendant was then notified of that arrival in writing and on October 13, 1920, it notified plaintiff as follows: "Confirming our telephone conversation with you of this date, you will please arrange to deliver car C. N.W. 53,808 to Philadelphia Reading Coal Iron Co. at Shenandoah for Indian Ridge Colliery, and oblige," [defendant]. Under the decisions of this State, that was an acceptance of the shipment; it was such exercise of dominion over it as, alone, would render defendant liable to pay the tariff charges in suit: W.J. etc., R.R. v. Whiting Co., 71 Pa. Super. 161, 163; P. R. Rwy. Co. v. International M. Co., 84 Pa. Super. 582, 587. If, later, the party to whom defendant directed local track delivery to be made declined to take it, the shipment, as between defendant and plaintiff, belonged to defendant as completely as it did before local delivery was requested. Having so accepted the shipment at destination it was liable to judgment in this suit for the tariff charges.
Judgment affirmed.