Opinion
February 19, 1991
Appeal from the County Court, Nassau County (Mackston, J.).
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.
We find no merit to the defendant's claim that his arrest was not predicated on probable cause. The testimony at the suppression hearing established that an undercover officer, hiding in bushes while surveilling through a pair of binoculars an area known to have frequent sales of controlled substances, observed the defendant hand a tinfoil packet to a woman. The woman looked at the packet before giving the defendant some money.
The undercover officer relayed the description of the defendant by radio to a backup team. When the members of the backup team arrived at the scene in marked police cars, the defendant disappeared into a nearby building. He reemerged from this building only after the police left. Again the undercover officer radioed the backup team. When the police arrived at the scene a second time and exited their vehicles, the defendant took flight. The defendant kept running even though one of the officers chasing him yelled, "Police, don't move".
The personal observation of the experienced undercover police officer of an exchange of a tinfoil packet for currency was a "telltale sign, if not the hallmark, of an illicit drug exchange" (People v Balas, 104 A.D.2d 1039, 1040). This observation, when combined with the other circumstances of this case, including the defendant's flight (see, People v Grimsley, 156 A.D.2d 714), the spatial and temporal proximity between the undercover officer's observations and the defendant's subsequent arrest, and the matching of the defendant's attire with the description provided by the radio call (see, People v Zarzuela, 141 A.D.2d 788) provided the arresting officer with probable cause. Accordingly, the hearing court properly denied that branch of the defendant's motion which was to suppress the physical evidence seized from him (see, People v McRay, 51 N.Y.2d 594).
Contrary to the defendant's further contention, we find that the hearing court's determination that the defendant knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived his Miranda rights before making his postarrest, inculpatory statement was not erroneous and we will not disturb it on appeal (see, People v Prochilo, 41 N.Y.2d 759; People v James, 146 A.D.2d 712).
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution (see, People v Contes, 60 N.Y.2d 620) we find that it was legally sufficient to establish the defendant's guilt of the crime of criminal possession of a controlled substance with intent to sell beyond a reasonable doubt. Moreover, upon the exercise of our factual review power, we are satisfied that the verdict of guilt was not against the weight of the evidence (see, CPL 470.15).
The defendant's contention that the People failed to present reasonable assurances as to the identity and unchanged condition of the four tinfoil packets seized from him is without merit. The evidence at trial clearly established that at all times after the packets were recovered from the defendant's person they "remained safely under police control" (People v Julian, 41 N.Y.2d 340, 343). Contrary to the defendant's argument, any deficiencies in the chain of custody did not bar admission, but rather only involved the weight to be accorded to the evidence (see, People v Julian, supra, at 344; People v Donovan, 141 A.D.2d 835). Bracken, J.P., Kooper, Harwood and Balletta, JJ., concur.