Opinion
2012-10-4
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Moses TORRES, Defendant–Appellant.
Richard M. Greenberg, Office of the Appellate Defender, New York (Thomas M. Nosewicz of counsel), for appellant. Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York (Susan Gliner of counsel), for respondent.
Richard M. Greenberg, Office of the Appellate Defender, New York (Thomas M. Nosewicz of counsel), for appellant. Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York (Susan Gliner of counsel), for respondent.
, P.J., SAXE, DeGRASSE, FREEDMAN, ROMÁN, JJ.
Judgment, Supreme Court, New York County (Brenda Soloff, J. at dismissal motion; Arlene D. Goldberg, J. at jury trial and sentencing), rendered May 23, 2007, as amended June 4, 2007, convicting defendant of criminal sale of a controlled substance in the third degree, and sentencing him, as a second felony drug offender whose prior felony conviction was a violent felony, to a term of 10 years, unanimously reversed, on the law, and the indictment dismissed, with leave to re-present.
The motion court erred in denying defendant's motion to dismiss the indictment pursuant to CPL 190.50. Defendant served notice on the prosecution that he wanted to testify before the grand jury at his initial arraignment on a felony complaint. A first indictment was subsequently dismissed on the ground that defendant was not afforded an opportunity to testify before the grand jury. It is undisputed that the People were aware that defendant wanted to testify at the re-presentation of the case to the grand jury.
When a second indictment was issued following a grand jury proceeding at which defendant did not appear, defendant's counsel moved to dismiss, stating that he had never received any notice from the People concerning the date for the new grand jury presentation, written or otherwise. In response, the People stated that defense counsel had been given notice by mail of the presentation, and the prosecutor attached a copy of a letter purportedly sent to counsel, which was marked with an “/S/” in the signature line. The People, however, did not identify who mailed the notice, and did not offer any supporting information beyond submitting an unsigned copy of the letter purportedly mailed to defendant's counsel. They provided no affidavit of service and proffered not even a general explanation of their office mailing procedures.
Under these circumstances, we find that the People failed to meet their burden of showing that they provided defendant actual notice of the scheduled grand jury proceeding ( see People v. Crisp, 246 A.D.2d 84, 86–87, 677 N.Y.S.2d 356 [1st Dept. 1998],adhered to on rearg.268 A.D.2d 247, 700 N.Y.S.2d 693 [1st Dept.2000],lv. denied94 N.Y.2d 946, 710 N.Y.S.2d 2, 731 N.E.2d 619 [2000] ). In the absence of any competent proof of mailing, by way of affidavit of service, proof of regular office practice, or otherwise, we find no basis upon which to presume receipt ( see e.g. Morrison Cohen Singer & Weinstein, LLP v. Brophy, 19 A.D.3d 161, 798 N.Y.S.2d 379 [2005] ).
We have considered and rejected the People's preservation and other procedural arguments. While the People argue that the record is insufficient to permit review, any insufficiency is the result of the People's failure to present proof of mailing in response to counsel's clearly-articulated denial of receipt.
In light of this determination, which dismisses the indictment, we find it unnecessary to address defendant's remaining arguments.