Opinion
2019–03262 Ind. No. 2099/17
10-14-2020
The PEOPLE, etc., respondent, v. James THOMAS, appellant.
Barry Krinsky, Brooklyn, NY, for appellant. Eric Gonzalez, District Attorney, Brooklyn, N.Y. (Leonard Joblove and Diane R. Eisner of counsel), for respondent.
Barry Krinsky, Brooklyn, NY, for appellant.
Eric Gonzalez, District Attorney, Brooklyn, N.Y. (Leonard Joblove and Diane R. Eisner of counsel), for respondent.
ALAN D. SCHEINKMAN, P.J., HECTOR D. LASALLE, VALERIE BRATHWAITE NELSON, ANGELA G. IANNACCI, JJ.
DECISION & ORDER
Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Donald Leo, J.), rendered February 1, 2019, convicting him of assault in the first degree, assault in the second degree (two counts), menacing in the second degree, and criminal possession of a weapon in the fourth degree, upon a jury verdict, and imposing sentence. The appeal brings up for review the denial, after a hearing, of that branch of the defendant's omnibus motion which was to suppress identification evidence.
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.
We agree with the Supreme Court's determination to deny that branch of the defendant's omnibus motion which was to suppress lineup identification evidence. "While the fillers used in a lineup must be sufficiently similar to the defendant so that no characteristic or visual clue would orient the viewer toward the defendant as a perpetrator of the crimes charged, there is no requirement that a defendant in a lineup be accompanied by individuals nearly identical in appearance" ( People v. Baez, 172 A.D.3d 893, 893, 100 N.Y.S.3d 93 [citation and internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v. Chipp, 75 N.Y.2d 327, 336, 553 N.Y.S.2d 72, 552 N.E.2d 608 ). Here, a review of the lineup photograph reveals that the lineup fillers possessed physical characteristics that were reasonably similar to those of the defendant (see People v. Chavez, 135 A.D.3d 952, 952, 23 N.Y.S.3d 389 ; People v. Johnson, 165 A.D.3d 1168, 1170, 85 N.Y.S.3d 585 ). Moreover, the police took reasonable steps to conceal differences between the appearances of the lineup fillers and the defendant by having the participants seated during the lineups and wearing hats, and by having them hold blankets to cover any visible body marks (see People v. Baez, 172 A.D.3d at 894, 100 N.Y.S.3d 93 ; People v. Chavez, 135 A.D.3d at 952, 23 N.Y.S.3d 389 ).
We also agree with the Supreme Court's determination to admit into evidence the recording of a call to the 911 emergency number placed by one of the complainants, since the call falls within the excited utterance and presence sense impression exceptions to the rule against hearsay (see People v. Legere, 81 A.D.3d 746, 749–750, 916 N.Y.S.2d 187 ). Moreover, the admission of the recording of the 911 call did not violate the defendant's right of confrontation because the declarant's statements were not testimonial (see Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 124 S.Ct. 1354, 158 L.Ed.2d 177 ; People v. Nieves–Andino, 9 N.Y.3d 12, 15, 840 N.Y.S.2d 882, 872 N.E.2d 1188 ; see People v. Legere, 81 A.D.3d at 750, 916 N.Y.S.2d 187 ). The information conveyed by the declarant during the 911 call was for the purpose of seeking medical and police intervention, and did not result from structured questioning (see People v. Barnett, 163 A.D.3d 700, 703, 80 N.Y.S.3d 461 ; People v. Legere, 81 A.D.3d at 750, 916 N.Y.S.2d 187 ).
The defendant's contentions that he was deprived of a fair trial by certain remarks made by the prosecutor during his opening and closing statements and by the Supreme Court's overruling of some of defense counsel's objections thereto, are without merit. The contested remarks were fair comment on the evidence and the reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, fair response to the defense summation, or permissible rhetoric (see People v. Jagota, 178 A.D.3d 852, 853, 116 N.Y.S.3d 47 ; People v. Garcia, 52 A.D.3d 734, 858 N.Y.S.2d 911 ). In any event, to the extent that the challenged remarks were improper, any prejudice resulting therefrom was alleviated by the court's prompt curative instructions, which instructions the jury is presumed to have followed (see People v. Murphy, 168 A.D.3d 880, 880, 89 N.Y.S.3d 904 ; People v. Lawson, 163 A.D.3d 996, 1000, 82 N.Y.S.3d 568 ).
The sentence imposed was not excessive (see People v. Suitte, 90 A.D.2d 80, 455 N.Y.S.2d 675 ).
The defendant's remaining contentions are without merit.
SCHEINKMAN, P.J., LASALLE, BRATHWAITE NELSON and IANNACCI, JJ., concur.