Opinion
2012-02-21
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Harold TAYLOR, Defendant–Appellant.
Richard M. Greenberg, Office of the Appellate Defender, New York (Rosemary Herbert of counsel), for appellant. Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York (Timothy C. Stone of counsel), for respondent.
Richard M. Greenberg, Office of the Appellate Defender, New York (Rosemary Herbert of counsel), for appellant. Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York (Timothy C. Stone of counsel), for respondent.
ANDRIAS, J.P., SAXE, ACOSTA, FREEDMAN, RICHTER, JJ.
Judgment, Supreme Court, New York County (Carol Berkman, J.), rendered December 16, 2008, convicting defendant, after a jury trial, of murder in the second degree, and sentencing him to a term of 23 years to life, unanimously affirmed.
The court was not obligated, sua sponte, to order a CPL article 730 examination ( see Pate v. Robinson, 383 U.S. 375, 86 S.Ct. 836, 15 L.Ed.2d 815 [1966]; People v. Tortorici, 92 N.Y.2d 757, 686 N.Y.S.2d 346, 709 N.E.2d 87 [1999], cert. denied 528 U.S. 834, 120 S.Ct. 94, 145 L.Ed.2d 80 [1999]; People v. Morgan, 87 N.Y.2d 878, 638 N.Y.S.2d 942, 662 N.E.2d 260 [1995] ). Although, at times, defendant engaged in obnoxious behavior and made outrageous statements, he did not manifest an inability to understand the proceedings or assist in his defense. Defendant was generally lucid and took an active role in his defense ( see e.g. People v. Mendez, 306 A.D.2d 143, 762 N.Y.S.2d 592 [2003], lv. denied 100 N.Y.2d 622, 767 N.Y.S.2d 406, 799 N.E.2d 629 [2003] ). Furthermore, the court ordered a psychiatric examination in aid of sentencing. Although this was not an article 730 competency examination, the psychiatrist's report did not raise any doubts about defendant's competency.
The court conducted a sufficient inquiry into defendant's motion for assignment of substitute counsel and the assigned counsel's motion to be relieved. Although a more detailed inquiry would have been the best practice, the court accorded both defendant and his counsel a suitable opportunity to address the issue, and properly concluded that there was no good cause for a substitution. A defendant's “unjustified hostility toward his counsel” does not require substitution, nor does an “artificial conflict” created by a defendant who files meritless complaints against counsel ( People v. Walton, 14 A.D.3d 419, 420, 788 N.Y.S.2d 107 [2005], lv. denied 5 N.Y.3d 796, 801 N.Y.S.2d 816, 835 N.E.2d 676 [2005] ).
The court properly declined to charge justification since there was no reasonable view of the evidence, when viewed most favorably to defendant, to support that defense ( see People v. Goetz, 68 N.Y.2d 96, 105–106, 506 N.Y.S.2d 18, 497 N.E.2d 41 [1986]; People v. Watts, 57 N.Y.2d 299, 301, 456 N.Y.S.2d 677, 442 N.E.2d 1188 [1982] ). Defendant asked for a charge on the use of deadly force to prevent the commission of a robbery ( see Penal Law § 35.15[2][b] ). In the first place, the evidence established that the unarmed deceased attempted, at most, to commit a nonforcible larceny. In any event, at the time defendant stabbed the deceased 16 times, the deceased had been knocked to the ground and posed no immediate threat.
After a proper inquiry, the court properly exercised its discretion in denying defendant's request to replace a sworn juror who had a conversation about her jury service with a colleague who was a former assistant district attorney. The court properly determined that the juror, who gave unequivocal assurances of her impartiality, was fit to continue serving and to render a fair verdict. The juror did not have a relationship with the prosecution that would create an implied bias ( see People v. Furey, 18 N.Y.3d 284, 938 N.Y.S.2d 277, 961 N.E.2d 668 [2011] ). Since the juror did not discuss anything about the facts of the case with her colleague, there was no misconduct serious enough to require disqualification ( see e.g. People v. Gordon, 11 A.D.3d 342, 782 N.Y.S.2d 741 [2004], lv. denied 4 N.Y.3d 744, 790 N.Y.S.2d 656, 824 N.E.2d 57 [2004] ).