Opinion
Docket Nos. 66819, 68847.
Decided February 21, 1984.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Louis J. Caruso, Solicitor General, Artis M. Noel, Prosecuting Attorney, and Leonard J. Malinowski, Assistant Attorney General, for the people.
Duane E. Burgess, for defendant on appeal.
Before BRONSON, P.J., and CYNAR and SHEPHERD, JJ.
Pursuant to a plea bargain, defendant pled guilty to a charge brought under the third-offense provisions of the driving under the influence of intoxicating liquor (DUIL) statute, MCL 257.625(3)(b); MSA 9.2325(3)(b), in exchange for the dismissal of two other counts and an habitual offender supplemental information. Defendant was sentenced to five years probation, one year in the Huron County Jail with work release, and ordered to pay a $1,000 fine plus costs and restitution of attorney fees. His driving privileges were suspended for two years. Defendant now appeals as of right.
Subsection (3)(b) was deleted by 1982 PA 309, § 1, and replaced by MCL 257.625(6); MSA 9.2325(6), containing substantially similar language.
Defendant's first claim on appeal is that his guilty plea should be set aside because the trial court misstated the statutorily mandated penalty of MCL 257.625(4); MSA 9.2325(4), thereby violating the information requirement of MCL 257.625(5); MSA 9.2325(5). Section 625(4) states that, upon conviction of the substantive offense, the court shall order the Secretary of State to suspend the defendant's driver's license for a period of up to two years. Section 625(5) provides that, before accepting a plea of guilty to this offense, a court "shall advise the accused of the statutory consequences possible as the result of a plea of guilty in respect to suspension of an operator's or chauffeur's license". In the instant case, defendant claims error in the trial court's failure to inform defendant that suspension was mandatory, telling him instead that, upon acceptance of his plea, the court "can automatically suspend" his driving privilege and, upon certification of his conviction, his driving privileges "may be suspended by the Secretary of State for a period [of] not more than two years".
Now MCL 257.625(9); MSA 9.2325(9).
The prosecutor argues that the court's permissive language of "can" or "may" was equivalent to the mandatory "shall" of the statute. We are constrained to disagree. While defendant's prior DUIL convictions may have given him some familiarity with the results which would obtain from his conviction, the fact remains that the trial court is required to inform a defendant, before accepting a guilty plea, of the statutory consequences which will result therefrom. This the trial court failed to do. Thus, defendant's conviction must be reversed and the matter remanded.
Defendant also argues that he should not have been charged as a third offender where he had never been convicted of the second-offense provisions of the DUIL statute, MCL 257.625(3)(a); MSA 9.2325(3)(a). Since this issue may arise again upon remand, we shall dispose of it here.
No Michigan case law deals precisely with this issue. We are of the opinion, however, that defendant was properly charged as a third offender.
MCL 257.625(3)(b); MSA 9.2325(3)(b) increases the offense from a misdemeanor to a felony "[o]n a third or subsequent conviction within a period of 10 years under this section". Arguably, therefore, the prosecutor could charge a defendant as a third offender following two convictions brought under the general provisions of the DUIL statute or following a conviction brought under the second-offense provisions of the DUIL statute. Given the general prosecutorial discretion allowed in charging defendants where more than one statutory provision may apply (see People v Thomas, 118 Mich. App. 667; 325 N.W.2d 536), we believe that the Legislature, had it intended to allow third-offender convictions only after second-offender convictions, would have incorporated that limitation in the language used in MCL 257.625(3)(b); MSA 9.2325(3)(b). See also People v Raisanen, 114 Mich. App. 840; 319 N.W.2d 693 (1982), and People v Harold Johnson, 96 Mich. App. 652; 293 N.W.2d 664 (1980), where previous DUIL convictions were used to support a charge brought under the third-offense provisions of the DUIL statute.
The amended statute, MCL 257.625(6); MSA 9.2325(6) provides:
"A person who violates subsection (1) or (2) * * * within 10 years of two or more prior convictions, as defined in subsection (5), is guilty of a felony. * * *"
"Prior conviction" is defined in subsection (5) as "a conviction under subsection (1) or (2)" or a similar local ordinance or law of another state. Subsections (1) and (2) do not require prior convictions.
The amendment is academic, however, as it was specifically made prospective only from its effective date of March 30, 1983. 1982 PA 309, § 2.
In an analogous situation, the habitual offender act provides that: "A person to be punished under this section * * * need not have been indicted and convicted as a previous offender in order to receive the increased punishment provided in this section". MCL 769.12(3); MSA 28.1084(3). Although defendant claims that the absence of a similar provision in the DUIL statute evidences a contrary intention on the part of the Legislature in the case of the present offense, we disagree. The lack of a specific limitation on when a defendant may be charged under the third-offense provision of the DUIL statute and the similar purposes behind both enhancement provisions lead us to conclude that treatment different from that allowed in the habitual offender statute is not mandated here.
Although defendant had not been convicted previously under the second-offense provisions of the DUIL statute, we find no violation of defendant's right to due process in allowing the prosecutor to charge defendant as a third offender where defendant had at least two (in this case three) previous DUIL convictions. See People v Bolton, 112 Mich. App. 626; 317 N.W.2d 199 (1981). Defendant is entitled to vacation of his guilty plea, but may be charged upon remand as a third offender.
Reversed and remanded.