Opinion
02-10-2017
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Jeffrey SAPP, Defendant–Appellant.
The Legal Aid Bureau Of Buffalo, Inc., Buffalo (Timothy P. Murphy of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Michael J. Flaherty, Jr., Acting District Attorney, Buffalo (James M. Marra of Counsel), for Respondent.
The Legal Aid Bureau Of Buffalo, Inc., Buffalo (Timothy P. Murphy of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant.
Michael J. Flaherty, Jr., Acting District Attorney, Buffalo (James M. Marra of Counsel), for Respondent.
PRESENT: PERADOTTO, J.P., CARNI, LINDLEY, CURRAN, AND SCUDDER, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:On appeal from a judgment convicting him upon his plea of guilty of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the second degree (Penal Law § 220.18[1] ) and criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree (§ 265.03[3] ), defendant contends that Supreme Court erred in refusing to suppress evidence seized during a search of his residence by parole officers. We reject that contention.
A parolee's right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures is not violated if a parole officer's search of the parolee's person or property "is rationally and reasonably related to the performance of his [or her] duty as a parole officer" (People v. Huntley, 43 N.Y.2d 175, 179, 401 N.Y.S.2d 31, 371 N.E.2d 794 ; see People v. Escalera, 121 A.D.3d 1519, 1520, 993 N.Y.S.2d 605, lv. denied 24 N.Y.3d 1083, 1 N.Y.S.3d 10, 25 N.E.3d 347 ; People v. Nappi, 83 A.D.3d 1592, 1593–1594, 922 N.Y.S.2d 669, lv. denied 17 N.Y.3d 820, 929 N.Y.S.2d 808, 954 N.E.2d 99 ). A parole officer's search is unlawful, however, when the parole officer is "merely a conduit for doing what the police could not do otherwise" (Escalera, 121 A.D.3d at 1520, 993 N.Y.S.2d 605 [internal quotation marks omitted] ). Thus, "a parolee's status ought not to be exploited to allow a search which is designed solely to collect contraband or evidence in aid of the prosecution of an independent criminal investigation" (People v. Candelaria, 63 A.D.2d 85, 90, 406 N.Y.S.2d 783 ).
Contrary to defendant's contention, we conclude that the record supports the court's determination that the search was " ‘rationally and reasonably related to the performance of the parole officer's duty’ and was therefore lawful" (People v. Johnson, 94 A.D.3d 1529, 1532, 942 N.Y.S.2d 738, lv. denied 19 N.Y.3d 974, 950 N.Y.S.2d 357, 973 N.E.2d 767 ). The parole officer testified that he searched defendant's apartment for the purpose of determining if defendant was in violation of the conditions of his parole because he "received credible information from law enforcement sources that defendant possessed a large quantity of cocaine in his" residence (Escalera, 121 A.D.3d at 1520, 993 N.Y.S.2d 605 ). With respect to the credibility of the law enforcement source, the parole officer's testimony, along with the testimony of an agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and other parole officers, established that the parole officer received credible information, originating from a confidential informant of the FBI agent who had proven to be reliable in the past, that defendant was in possession of a large quantity of cocaine (see People v. Robinson, 72 A.D.3d 1277, 1278, 898 N.Y.S.2d 365, lv. denied 15 N.Y.3d 809, 908 N.Y.S.2d 169, 934 N.E.2d 903 ). To the extent that defendant challenges that testimony, we "afford deference to the court's determination that the ... testimony [of the People's witnesses] was credible" (Johnson, 94 A.D.3d at 1532, 942 N.Y.S.2d 738 ).We conclude that defendant's further contention that the parole officer was acting as an agent of law enforcement agencies is undermined by the testimony of defendant's parole officer and an FBI agent that the law enforcement agency played no role in the decision to search defendant's residence. The FBI agent further testified that the FBI was not investigating defendant on this matter, did not have an open file on defendant, and did not relay the information in order to have the parole officers search defendant's home on their behalf (see Escalera, 121 A.D.3d at 1520, 993 N.Y.S.2d 605 ). Thus, we cannot conclude on this record that the search was "designed solely to collect contraband or evidence in aid of the prosecution of an independent criminal investigation" (Candelaria, 63 A.D.2d at 90, 406 N.Y.S.2d 783 ).
Defendant concedes that his remaining contention regarding the search of his residence is unpreserved for our review (see CPL 470.05[2] ), and we decline to exercise our power to review that contention as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see CPL 470.15[6][a] ).
With respect to defendant's remaining contentions, we note that, " ‘[b]y pleading guilty, defendant forfeited review of [Supreme] Court's Molineux and [Sandoval ] ruling[s]’ " (People v. Pierce, 142 A.D.3d 1341, 1341, 38 N.Y.S.3d 460 ; see People v. Ingram, 128 A.D.3d 1404, 1404, 8 N.Y.S.3d 528, lv. denied 25 N.Y.3d 1202, 16 N.Y.S.3d 525, 37 N.E.3d 1168 ).
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.