Opinion
2020–01582 Ind. No. 8495/17
05-24-2023
The PEOPLE, etc., respondent, v. Ronald RUSSELL, appellant.
Twyla Carter, New York, NY (Katheryne M. Martone of counsel), for appellant. Eric Gonzalez, District Attorney, Brooklyn, NY (Leonard Joblove, Ruth E. Ross, and Andrew S. Durham of counsel), for respondent.
Twyla Carter, New York, NY (Katheryne M. Martone of counsel), for appellant.
Eric Gonzalez, District Attorney, Brooklyn, NY (Leonard Joblove, Ruth E. Ross, and Andrew S. Durham of counsel), for respondent.
VALERIE BRATHWAITE NELSON, J.P., LARA J. GENOVESI, BARRY E. WARHIT, HELEN VOUTSINAS, JJ.
DECISION & ORDER Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Joanne D. Quinones, J.), rendered January 3, 2020, convicting him of murder in the second degree and criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree (two counts), upon a jury verdict, and imposing sentence.
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.
In connection with a shooting that occurred in Brooklyn, New York, on May 17, 2012, the defendant was convicted of murder in the second degree and two counts of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree.
The defendant's contention that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel is without merit. "Under the federal ineffective assistance of counsel standard, the defendant must satisfy a two-pronged test in order to establish that counsel was ineffective: (1) ‘that counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness,’ and (2) ‘that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different’ " ( People v. Wolbert, 207 A.D.3d 483, 485, 169 N.Y.S.3d 548, quoting Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 ). "Under the New York standard, the first prong is identical to its federal counterpart, but the second prong is based on the fairness of the process as a whole rather than the impact of counsel's errors on the outcome of the case" ( People v. Parvez, 209 A.D.3d 885, 886–887, 176 N.Y.S.3d 308 ). In other words, under the New York standard, "[w]here the evidence, the law and the circumstances of a particular case, viewed together and as of the time of representation, reveal that meaningful representation was provided, defendant's constitutional right to the effective assistance of counsel has been satisfied" ( People v. Satterfield, 66 N.Y.2d 796, 798–799, 497 N.Y.S.2d 903, 488 N.E.2d 834, citing People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147, 444 N.Y.S.2d 893, 429 N.E.2d 400 ; see People v. Ramos, 194 A.D.3d 964, 965, 149 N.Y.S.3d 171 ). " ‘[W]hen reviewing claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, care must be taken to avoid confusing true ineffectiveness with mere losing tactics’ " and " ‘[t]he performance of counsel must be viewed without the benefit of hindsight’ " ( People v. Ramirez, 146 A.D.3d 987, 987, 45 N.Y.S.3d 568, quoting People v. Butler, 143 A.D.2d 140, 140, 531 N.Y.S.2d 596 ; see People v. Mendoza, 155 A.D.3d 652, 652, 64 N.Y.S.3d 54 ). Moreover, to prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, it is incumbent on the defendant "to demonstrate the absence of strategic or other legitimate explanations for counsel's alleged shortcomings" ( People v. Taylor, 1 N.Y.3d 174, 176, 770 N.Y.S.2d 711, 802 N.E.2d 1109 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v. Ramirez, 146 A.D.3d at 987, 45 N.Y.S.3d 568 ).
Here, contrary to the defendant's contention, defense counsel was not ineffective for failing to move for a hearing pursuant to Frye v. United States, 293 F. 1013, with respect to certain ballistics and DNA evidence (see People v. Johnston, 192 A.D.3d 1516, 1522–1523, 145 N.Y.S.3d 233 ; People v. Walker, 188 A.D.3d 1274, 1275, 134 N.Y.S.3d 461 ; People v. Frederick, 186 A.D.3d 1398, 1399–1400, 128 N.Y.S.3d 864 ; People v. Dickinson, 182 A.D.3d 783, 789–790, 122 N.Y.S.3d 797 ; cf. People v. Wilson, 164 A.D.3d 1012, 1019–1021, 83 N.Y.S.3d 705 ). People v. Williams, 35 N.Y.3d 24, 24, 29–30, 40–41, 124 N.Y.S.3d 593, 147 N.E.3d 1131, wherein the Court of Appeals held that it was error to admit expert testimony, inter alia, with respect to "the results of an analysis conducted using the proprietary forensic statistical tool (FST) developed and controlled by the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner (OCME)," without first holding a Frye hearing ( id. at 30, 124 N.Y.S.3d 593, 147 N.E.3d 1131 ), was issued several months after the trial was held in this case, and counsel was not ineffective for failing to anticipate its outcome (see People v. Cunningham, 194 A.D.3d 954, 956, 147 N.Y.S.3d 140 ).
Overall, the prosecutor's alleged improper comments during summation, to which the defendant contends defense counsel ought to have objected, but failed to do so, "were within the broad bounds of permissible rhetorical comment, a fair response to the defendant's summation, or fair comment on the evidence and the reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom" ( People v. Ramirez, 146 A.D.3d at 988, 45 N.Y.S.3d 568 ; see People v. Speaks, 28 N.Y.3d 990, 992, 42 N.Y.S.3d 644, 65 N.E.3d 673 ; cf. People v. Day, 178 A.D.3d 845, 846, 111 N.Y.S.3d 878 ). With respect to the prosecutor's technically inaccurate comment that "no one else came in contact" with the murder weapon, given that the single source DNA profile on the murder weapon matched the DNA of the defendant, the Supreme Court, inter alia, gave a curative instruction at the People's request. Moreover, under the circumstances, the prosecutor's comment to the effect that the DNA evidence implicated only the defendant and his accomplice, also technically inaccurate, was not "so egregious or misleading that defense counsel's failure to object constituted ineffective assistance so as to deprive defendant of a fair trial" ( People v. Lawrence, 141 A.D.3d 828, 834, 35 N.Y.S.3d 742 ; cf. People v. Wright, 25 N.Y.3d 769, 784, 16 N.Y.S.3d 485, 37 N.E.3d 1127 ; People v. Powell, 165 A.D.3d 842, 843–844, 84 N.Y.S.3d 563 ). The defendant's remaining contentions with respect to any of defense counsel's other alleged shortcomings are without merit (see People v. Ragsdale, 68 A.D.3d 897, 897–898, 889 N.Y.S.2d 681 ; People v. Reynolds, 46 A.D.3d 845, 845, 848 N.Y.S.2d 278 ; cf. People v. Morales, 108 A.D.3d 574, 575, 968 N.Y.S.2d 580 ; People v. Alford, 33 A.D.3d 1014, 1015–1016, 824 N.Y.S.2d 323 ). Accordingly, under the circumstances, the defendant was not deprived of the effective assistance of counsel.
The sentence imposed was not excessive (see People v. Suitte, 90 A.D.2d 80, 455 N.Y.S.2d 675 ).
BRATHWAITE NELSON, J.P., GENOVESI, WARHIT and VOUTSINAS, JJ., concur.