Opinion
Docket No. 13527.
Decided October 31, 1973.
Appeal from Genesee, John W. Baker, J. Submitted Division 2 June 7, 1973, at Lansing. (Docket No. 13527.) Decided October 31, 1973.
Rubin C. Williams was convicted, on his plea of guilty, of second-degree murder. Defendant appeals. Affirmed.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, Robert F. Leonard, Prosecuting Attorney, Donald A. Kuebler, Chief, Appellate Division, and Joel B. Saxe, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Richard S. McMillin and Dennis H. Benson, Assistant State Appellate Defenders, for defendant.
On September 7, 1971, a warrant and complaint were issued against defendant Williams charging him with first-degree murder. MCLA 750.316; MSA 28.548. On this date defendant Williams was 15 years old. The plaintiff filed a motion in the juvenile division of Genesee County Probate Court which sought a waiver of probate court jurisdiction over the defendant in order that he might be prosecuted under the Michigan general criminal statutes. Judge Quinn of Genesee County Probate Court granted plaintiff's motion. Accordingly, a preliminary examination in this matter was held on September 15, 1971, and upon a finding of the requisite probable cause, defendant Williams was bound over to Genesee County Circuit Court for trial. Defendant was arraigned on the information on October 4, 1971. On November 9, 1971, defendant Williams entered a plea of guilty to the charge of second-degree murder. MCLA 750.317; MSA 28.549. An examination of the plea transcript indicates that Judge Baker complied with GCR 1963, 785, and People v Jaworski 387 Mich. 21; 194 N.W.2d 868 (1972), in accepting defendant's plea of guilty. On December 14, 1971, Judge Baker sentenced the defendant to a term of 12-1/2 to 30 years in prison with credit given for 136 days already spent in jail.
A timely petition for court-appointed appellate counsel was granted by order of the circuit court on December 29, 1971. On February 7, 1972, defendant filed a timely claim of appeal. There was no motion to withdraw the guilty plea in the lower court. However, on August 25, 1972, defendant filed a motion for peremptory reversal on the basis of the holding in People v Fields, 388 Mich. 66; 199 N.W.2d 217 (1972). The plaintiff agreed with the defendant's position, but this Court on September 29, 1972, denied defendant's motion "without prejudice, however, to defendant's renewal of the motion following the Supreme Court's decision on rehearing of People v Fields, 388 Mich. 66 [ 199 N.W.2d 217] (1972)". We deem it proper at this time to proceed and decide the issues raised on this appeal.
I
Did the waiver of defendant from probate court jurisdiction to circuit court jurisdiction violate his right to due process of law?
Defendant contends that the procedure under which the probate court waived jurisdiction over him denied him his right to due process of law because the waiver procedure did not provide that the plaintiff carry any clearly defined burden of proof when seeking such waiver.
This Court recently spoke to the issue of waiver from juvenile court to circuit court in People v Jackson, 46 Mich. App. 764; 208 N.W.2d 526 (1973). Waiver of juvenile court jurisdiction of the defendant in Jackson, like the waiver of jurisdiction over the defendant in the instant case, occurred after the Michigan Supreme Court's promulgation of JCR 1969, 11. This Court pointed out that the contested waiver of jurisdiction in Fields, supra, occurred in 1968, before the adoption of JCR 1969, 11. Therefore, this Court in Jackson effectively limited the holding in Fields to waiver hearings prior to the promulgation of JCR 1969, 11 because Judge J.H. GILLIS, with Chief Judge LESINSKI and Judge FITZGERALD concurring, stated the juvenile court rule contains all the settled requirements of procedural due process. Accordingly, even in light of Fields, this Court in Jackson held (p 769; 208 N.W.2d at 530) that "jurisdiction of defendant was properly waived pursuant to that general court rule [i.e., JCR 1969, 11]".
The similarity between Jackson and the instant case is based on the fact that both waiver hearings took place after the promulgation of JCR 1969, 11. With regard to this juvenile court rule, this Court in Jackson declared (p 768; 208 N.W.2d at 529):
"Thus, when the Supreme Court, in 1969, undertook to write the Juvenile Court Rules, it assumed its power to govern rules of practice, procedure, and evidence. Specifically, JCR 1969, 11, provides, in waiver hearings, the criteria for waiver, notice of hearing, right to counsel and access to social reports pursuant to the now settled requirements of procedural due process announced in Green v United States, 113 US App DC 348; 308 F.2d 303 (1962), and Kent v United States, 383 U.S. 541; 86 S Ct 1045; 16 L Ed 2d 84 (1966)." (Emphasis supplied.)
This Court in Jackson ruled that the "criteria for waiver" meets due process. Therefore, defendant's argument that the lack of a specific burden of proof standard violates due process is devoid of merit.
II
Was there sufficient evidence to support the probate court's waiver of jurisdiction over the defendant?
The method in which a probate court judge determines whether juvenile court jurisdiction should be waived with respect to a particular defendant is set forth in JCR 1969, 11.
A hearing on the waiver issue was held on September 7, 1971, before Genesee County Probate Court Judge Luke Quinn. Testimony from a number of witnesses was given at the waiver phase of the probate court hearing, viz.: Mr. Joseph Larry Wilson, a Flint police officer serving as liaison officer to the juvenile division; Mr. Kenneth Karasick, a juvenile caseworker for Genesee County Probate Court; Miss June LaChappelle, caseworker for the Genesee County Department of Social Services; Mr. Manuel Holcolm, probation officer for Genesee County Probate Court. The psychological evaluation by Dr. Carl Poit was admitted into evidence by way of defendant's counsel's stipulation. Also assistant principals of junior high schools where defendant had been removed testified concerning his removal from the schools. Judge Quinn granted plaintiff's petition to waive juvenile court jurisdiction over the defendant, and in so doing declared:
"Well, upon listening to the testimony presented here this morning and having read the report of Mr. Poit, the court psychologist, which has been stipulated to by both parties, I find that there is probable cause to believe that Rubin Williams did commit the offense charged and the best interest of Rubin Williams and the public would best be served by waiving him to circuit court and trying him as an adult. In reaching that decision, I considered the criteria as follows, his prior record and character, the seriousness of this offense and the best interest of the public welfare and protection of the public that I am sincerely convinced that this is just the culmination of a long line of assaultive incidents in this young man's career, it was just bound to happen and I therefore feel, that if he is to be helped at all, it will now have to be in the adult court through those rehabilitative facilities, because I just don't think that the services that this court has had to offer or has to offer will in any way benefit this young man or afford the public the protection it must have from this sort of conduct. Thank you."
The defendant is now attacking the waiver of juvenile court jurisdiction on appeal and contending that there was not sufficient testimony presented at the waiver hearing to justify Judge Quinn's ruling. Mr. Karasick stated that he had been defendant's caseworker from January 5, 1970, until February 1971. During this period, Mr. Karasick testified that defendant Williams attended four different schools, because the defendant was often fighting and stealing things while in school. Also during this period, Karasick indicated that the defendant was moved from the home of Mr. Turlay, a friend of the family, to the home of Miss LeGere, the defendant's sister. It was established that Miss LeGere was the guardian of the defendant and his two brothers, because the parents of the boys were deceased. Mr. Karasick further testified that the defendant "had a bad attitude" and "was always a happy-go-lucky person and never seemed too concerned about his involvement with the court". When asked what his opinion was as to whether he felt it was in the best interest of the people to waive juvenile court jurisdiction, Mr. Karasick replied in the following manner:
"I think that perhaps the facilities for adults would be more beneficial for Rubin should he be waived, I think that juvenile court does not have — it is not a criminal court and therefore we do not have facilities readily available to process persons in Rubin's condition."
However, on cross-examination, it was established that the defendant had never been to the Michigan Training School, which is a facility for juveniles from 15 to 19 years of age. In any event, Mr. Karasick felt that the juvenile court facilities had been exhausted with regard to this particular defendant. Mr. Karasick stated that Jackson Prison would not be a beneficial place for the defendant, but indicated that Ionia would be satisfactory because there the defendant "could get more help than any juvenile facility available in Genesee County or the state".
After reading all the testimony we are convinced that it adequately supports Judge Quinn's waiver from probate court to circuit court. This conclusion is sound because defendant's prior record includes assaultive behavior, and the present offense was the most serious assaultive act an individual could perform. In addition the testimony indicated that the programs and facilities of the juvenile court were no longer suitable for the defendant. Therefore, we rule that Judge Quinn did not err in waiving juvenile court jurisdiction over the defendant.
III
Did the sentencing judge consider defendant's juvenile record prior to sentencing in violation of People v McFarlin, 41 Mich. App. 116; 199 N.W.2d 684 (1972)?
This issue is without merit because our Supreme Court in People v McFarlin, 389 Mich. 557; 208 N.W.2d 504 (1973), has ruled that it is permissible to refer to a defendant's juvenile record in imposing sentence.
Affirmed.
DANHOF, J., Concurred.
I agree with Judge HOLBROOK'S opinion in this case and with Judge J.H. GILLIS' opinion in People v Jackson, 46 Mich. App. 764; 208 N.W.2d 526 (1973), that JCR 1969, 11 is fully adequate as to the requirements of procedural due process. However, in a juvenile waiver proceeding, the juvenile is severed from the entire class of all other persons under 17 years of age. The basis for the classification of juveniles is age. A juvenile who is waived from his class and placed in a class with adults is subjected to altogether different laws and penalties.
I do not question that certain juveniles can be severed out of the class of all juveniles by proper classification and placed in a class with adult offenders. However, such treatment is not procedure, but rather is a substantive matter. While the Supreme Court might by rule provide for the trial of a juvenile in some other court, under the laws as to juveniles, the Supreme Court cannot make the law, either as to juveniles or adults. This is for the Legislature. See my opinion in People v Fields, 388 Mich. 66, 75-77; 199 N.W.2d 217, 221-222 (1972).
Assuming the probate court had jurisdiction to waive the defendant, I would agree with Judge HOLBROOK that there was sufficient evidence to support the waiver. I also agree that, in accordance with People v McFarlin, 389 Mich. 557; 208 N.W.2d 504 (1973), the sentencing judge could refer to defendant's juvenile record in imposing sentence.
I would reverse and remand to the probate court for appropriate proceedings in that court.