Opinion
110738
07-15-2021
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Amin A. RASHID, Appellant.
Theodore J. Stein, Woodstock, for appellant. Michael A. Korchak, District Attorney (Rita M. Basile of counsel), for respondent.
Theodore J. Stein, Woodstock, for appellant.
Michael A. Korchak, District Attorney (Rita M. Basile of counsel), for respondent.
Before: Garry, P.J., Egan Jr., Clark, Pritzker and Reynolds Fitzgerald, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
Egan Jr., J. Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Broome County (Dooley, J.), rendered July 19, 2018, upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crimes of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree, criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree and perjury in the first degree (two counts).
In October 2017, defendant was charged by indictment with criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree and criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree, after he was found to be in possession of a .38 caliber Smith & Wesson handgun following the execution of a "no-knock" search warrant on an apartment located in the City of Binghamton, Broome County. In December 2017, the People filed a superseding indictment charging defendant with two counts of perjury in the first degree based upon certain testimony that he provided before the grand jury. Defendant moved, pro se, to suppress the handgun and certain statements that he made to law enforcement during execution of the warrant and, following a hearing, County Court denied defendant's suppression motion. A jury trial ensued, following which defendant was convicted as charged. Defendant was thereafter sentenced, as a persistent felony offender, to a prison term of 18 years to life for his conviction of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree and to lesser concurrent prison terms for his remaining convictions. Defendant appeals.
Defendant contends that County Court erred in not suppressing the handgun inasmuch as it was only found after an illegal and unconstitutional search. We disagree. The evidence at the suppression hearing established that, at approximately 4:00 p.m. on September 7, 2017, the Broome County Special Investigations Unit Task Force executed a no-knock search warrant on the apartment of April Hawley. The officers used a battering ram to enter the apartment, identified themselves as police officers and ordered the occupants thereof to get on the ground. Detective Todd Haven was the first officer to enter the apartment and observed an individual – later identified as defendant – running towards the back porch of the apartment. As defendant exited out the rear door of the apartment to an adjoining porch, officers stationed to the rear of the building ordered defendant to the porch floor. Haven arrived moments later as defendant was getting on his stomach, detained him and placed him in handcuffs. Haven then observed the handle of a gun – which was wrapped in a red and white bandana – sticking out of defendant's right back pocket. Detective Daniel Browne, who was helping secure defendant, also observed the outline of a handgun in defendant's back pocket and proceeded to remove it. Haven asked defendant if the handgun was loaded, to which defendant responded that he did not know. Upon examination, defendant was found to be in possession of a .38 caliber handgun, loaded with two rounds of ammunition.
The warrant authorized the search of both Hawley and her apartment based upon probable cause that she was selling cocaine.
Initially, although defendant was not named in the search warrant for the subject apartment, as defendant concedes in his brief, "[a] warrant to search for contraband founded on probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to detain the occupants of the premises while a proper search is conducted' " ( Linson v. City of New York, 98 A.D.3d 1002, 1003, 951 N.Y.S.2d 167 [2012], lv denied 20 N.Y.3d 855, 2013 WL 69121 [2013], quoting Michigan v. Summers, 452 U.S. 692, 705, 101 S.Ct. 2587, 69 L.Ed.2d 340 [1981] ; see People v. Hollingsworth, 191 A.D.3d 1412, 1413, 138 N.Y.S.3d 418 [2021], lv denied 36 N.Y.3d 1120, 146 N.Y.S.3d 208, 169 N.E.3d 566 [2021] ; People v. Henderson, 162 A.D.3d 517, 517, 79 N.Y.S.3d 131 [2018], lv denied 32 N.Y.3d 1111, 91 N.Y.S.3d 363, 115 N.E.3d 635 [2018] ; People v. Jackson, 88 A.D.3d 451, 451–452, 930 N.Y.S.2d 181 [2011], lv denied 18 N.Y.3d 884, 939 N.Y.S.2d 754, 963 N.E.2d 131 [2012] ; People v. Smith, 164 A.D.2d 456, 457–458, 564 N.Y.S.2d 787 [1990], affd 78 N.Y.2d 897, 573 N.Y.S.2d 458, 577 N.E.2d 1050 [1991] ; see also Muehler v. Mena, 544 U.S. 93, 102, 125 S.Ct. 1465, 161 L.Ed.2d 299 [2005] ). With regard to the pat frisk of defendant, at the time the warrant was executed, police had probable cause to believe that narcotics were being sold from the subject apartment. The execution of a no-knock search warrant under such circumstances is understood to be "the kind of transaction that may give rise to sudden violence or frantic efforts to conceal or destroy evidence" ( Bailey v. United States, 568 U.S. 186, 192–195, 133 S.Ct. 1031, 185 L.Ed.2d 19 [2013] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see People v. Soler, 92 A.D.2d 280, 286, 460 N.Y.S.2d 537 [1983] ). Accordingly, upon entry of the apartment, when defendant failed to comply with the officers' demands to "[g]et on the ground" and attempted to flee out the back door, the officers had a reasonable basis to believe that defendant could be disposing of evidence, and they were justified in their concern not only for their own safety but that of the other occupants of the apartment. Under the circumstances, therefore, the police were justified in briefly detaining defendant in order to pat him down for weapons (see People v. Abernathy, 175 A.D.2d 407, 408, 572 N.Y.S.2d 478 [1991], lv denied 78 N.Y.2d 1073, 577 N.Y.S.2d 236, 583 N.E.2d 948 [1991] ; People v. Smith, 164 A.D.2d at 457–458, 564 N.Y.S.2d 787 ; People v. Soler, 92 A.D.2d at 286, 460 N.Y.S.2d 537 ; compare Ybarra v. Illinois, 444 U.S. 85, 93–94, 100 S.Ct. 338, 62 L.Ed.2d 238 [1979] ; Matter of James L., 133 A.D.2d 460, 461, 519 N.Y.S.2d 675 [1987] ). Additionally, although defendant was apprehended on the back porch of the apartment, he was nevertheless lawfully detained incident to the execution of the search warrant as he was ordered to the ground mere feet away from the apartment's back door and remained within the immediate vicinity of the area to be searched (see People v. Johnson, 132 A.D.3d 1295, 1296, 17 N.Y.S.3d 236 [2015], lv denied 27 N.Y.3d 1134, 39 N.Y.S.3d 116, 61 N.E.3d 515 [2016] ; see also Bailey v. United States, 568 U.S. at 192–195, 133 S.Ct. 1031 ).
This is particularly so where, as here, the officers immediately observed what appeared to be a handgun sticking out of defendant's rear pocket (see People v. Smith, 164 A.D.2d at 458, 564 N.Y.S.2d 787 ).
County Court also properly denied defendant's motion to suppress the statement that he made to law enforcement while being patted down. Although defendant was handcuffed, in custody and had not been advised of his Miranda rights when he was asked by Haven whether the handgun that was retrieved from his back pocket was loaded, said inquiry was not made to elicit an incriminating response, but was made for the purpose of alleviating the inherent risk of securing a potentially loaded weapon and protecting the safety of defendant, responding officers and those other individuals present during the execution of the warrant (see New York v. Quarles, 467 U.S. 649, 655–657, 104 S.Ct. 2626, 81 L.Ed.2d 550 [1984] ; People v. Reyes, 62 A.D.3d 570, 570–571, 881 N.Y.S.2d 36 [2009], lv denied 13 N.Y.3d 748, 886 N.Y.S.2d 102, 914 N.E.2d 1020 [2009] ; People v. Leach, 6 A.D.3d 238, 238, 774 N.Y.S.2d 335 [2004], lv denied 3 N.Y.3d 643, 782 N.Y.S.2d 414, 816 N.E.2d 204 [2004] ). Accordingly, Haven's question fell squarely within the public safety exception to the Miranda requirement and, therefore, suppression of defendant's statement was appropriately denied (see People v. Lubrano, 117 A.D.3d 1239, 1240–1241, 985 N.Y.S.2d 754 [2014], lv denied 25 N.Y.3d 990, 10 N.Y.S.3d 533, 32 N.E.3d 970 [2015] ).
Garry, P.J., Clark, Pritzker and Reynolds Fitzgerald, JJ., concur.
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.