Opinion
04-28-2017
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Shemariah L. OWENS, Defendant–Appellant.
Charles J. Greenberg, Amherst, for Defendant–Appellant. Barry L. Porsch, District Attorney, Waterloo, for Respondent.
Charles J. Greenberg, Amherst, for Defendant–Appellant.
Barry L. Porsch, District Attorney, Waterloo, for Respondent.
PRESENT: WHALEN, P.J., LINDLEY, DeJOSEPH, NEMOYER, AND CURRAN, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him following a jury trial of two counts of sexual abuse in the first degree (Penal Law § 130.65[3] ) and two counts of endangering the welfare of a child (§ 260.10[1] ). Contrary to defendant's contention, County Court did not abuse its discretion in permitting a child witness to testify even though her name had not been included on the witness list. Inasmuch as a witness list is required only in situations involving alibi witnesses and witnesses called to rebut an alibi (see CPL 250.20 ), and it is indisputable that the child witness was neither an alibi witness nor a witness called to rebut an alibi, we conclude that the court did not abuse its discretion in permitting the child witness to testify (see People v. Stacchini, 108 A.D.3d 866, 867, 969 N.Y.S.2d 218 ). To the extent that defendant claims he needed more time to prepare to cross-examine the child witness, that issue is unpreserved for our review because defendant never requested an adjournment or continuance (see
People v. Jornov, 65 A.D.3d 363, 370, 881 N.Y.S.2d 776 ; see also People v. Ressler, 302 A.D.2d 921, 921, 754 N.Y.S.2d 485 ; see generally CPL 470.05[2] ).
Defendant further contends that the court erred in permitting that child witness to testify concerning prior bad acts or uncharged crimes without first holding a Ventimiglia hearing, and that he was thereby denied a fair trial. Inasmuch as defendant raised that contention for the first time in a posttrial CPL 330.30 motion, it is not preserved for our review (see generally People v. Padro, 75 N.Y.2d 820, 821, 552 N.Y.S.2d 555, 551 N.E.2d 1233, rearg. denied 75 N.Y.2d 1005, 557 N.Y.S.2d 312, 556 N.E.2d 1119, rearg. dismissed 81 N.Y.2d 989, 599 N.Y.S.2d 797, 616 N.E.2d 152 ), and we decline to exercise our power to review it as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see CPL 470.15[6][a] ).
Defendant contends that the court erred in permitting the prosecutor to use leading questions when examining various child witnesses. With the exception of one question, that contention is not preserved for our review (see People v. Boyd, 50 A.D.3d 1578, 1578, 855 N.Y.S.2d 789, lv. denied 11 N.Y.3d 785, 866 N.Y.S.2d 612, 896 N.E.2d 98 ) and, in any event, the contention lacks merit. It is well settled that " ‘[l]eading questions may be permitted of a child victim in a sexual abuse case so the child's testimony can be clarified or expedited if the child is apparently unwilling to testify freely’ " (id. ). Moreover, " ‘whether to permit the use of leading questions on direct examination is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court and [the court's ruling on that issue] will not be disturbed absent a clear demonstration of an abuse of discretion’ " (People v. Martina, 48 A.D.3d 1271, 1272, 852 N.Y.S.2d 527, lv. denied 10 N.Y.3d 961, 863 N.Y.S.2d 145, 893 N.E.2d 451 ; see People v. Cuttler, 270 A.D.2d 654, 655, 705 N.Y.S.2d 416, lv. denied 95 N.Y.2d 795, 711 N.Y.S.2d 163, 733 N.E.2d 235 ). Here, "particularly in view of the intimate and embarrassing nature of the crime[s]," we conclude that the court did not abuse its discretion (People v. Cordero, 110 A.D.3d 1468, 1470, 972 N.Y.S.2d 787, lv. denied 22 N.Y.3d 1137, 983 N.Y.S.2d 496, 6 N.E.3d 615 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Martina, 48 A.D.3d at 1272, 852 N.Y.S.2d 527 ).
We agree with the People that defendant's challenges to the legal sufficiency of the evidence, to the extent that they are preserved, lack merit. Addressing first defendant's contention that the evidence is legally insufficient with respect to the dates of the alleged crimes, we conclude that defendant failed to preserve that contention for our review inasmuch as he failed to make a motion to dismiss that was "specifically directed" at that alleged error (People v. Gray, 86 N.Y.2d 10, 19, 629 N.Y.S.2d 173, 652 N.E.2d 919 ). In any event, that contention lacks merit (see People v. Erle, 83 A.D.3d 1442, 1444, 919 N.Y.S.2d 742, lv. denied 17 N.Y.3d 794, 929 N.Y.S.2d 102, 952 N.E.2d 1097 ).
We have reviewed defendant's remaining challenges to the legal sufficiency of the evidence and conclude that they lack merit (see generally People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 ). The evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the People (see People v. Contes, 60 N.Y.2d 620, 621, 467 N.Y.S.2d 349, 454 N.E.2d 932 ), establishes that defendant subjected both child victims to sexual contact as that term is defined in Penal Law § 130.00(3) (see People v. Hoffert, 125 A.D.3d 1386, 1387–1388, 2 N.Y.S.3d 717, lv. denied 25 N.Y.3d 990, 10 N.Y.S.3d 533, 32 N.E.3d 970 ; see also Matter of Daniel R. [Lucille R.], 70 A.D.3d 839, 841, 894 N.Y.S.2d 165 ). Moreover, "[i]t is well settled that, ‘[b]ecause the question ... whether a person was seeking sexual gratification is generally a subjective inquiry, it can be inferred from the conduct of the perpetrator’ " (Hoffert, 125 A.D.3d at 1388, 2 N.Y.S.3d 717 ; see People v. Chrisley, 126 A.D.3d 1495, 1496, 8 N.Y.S.3d 511, lv. denied 26 N.Y.3d 1007, 20 N.Y.S.3d 548, 42 N.E.3d 218 ; People v. Anthony D., 259 A.D.2d 1011, 1011, 689 N.Y.S.2d 897, lv. denied 93 N.Y.2d 1001, 695 N.Y.S.2d 747, 717 N.E.2d 1084 ). The inference that defendant was seeking sexual gratification is " ‘clearly appropriate’ " where, as here, a nonrelative touches the intimate parts of a child (People v. Watson, 281 A.D.2d 691, 698, 721 N.Y.S.2d 700, lv. denied 96 N.Y.2d 925, 732 N.Y.S.2d 643, 758 N.E.2d 669 ; see § 130.00[3] ; People v. Fuller, 50 A.D.3d 1171, 1175, 854 N.Y.S.2d 594, lv. denied 11 N.Y.3d 788, 866 N.Y.S.2d 614, 896 N.E.2d 100 ). Inasmuch as the evidence is legally sufficient to support the conviction of sexual abuse in the first degree, "it necessarily also [is] legally sufficient with respect to the conviction of endangering the welfare of a child" (People v. Scerbo, 74 A.D.3d 1730, 1732, 903 N.Y.S.2d 621, lv. denied 15 N.Y.3d 757, 906 N.Y.S.2d 830, 933 N.E.2d 229 ). Viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 ), we conclude that the verdict is not against the weight of the evidence (see Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d at 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 ).
Finally, we conclude that the sentence is not unduly harsh or severe.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.