Opinion
06-07-2016
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Appellant, v. Shane MORRIS, Respondent.
Richard A. Brown, District Attorney, Kew Gardens (Sharon Y. Brodt of counsel), for appellant. Lynn W.L. Fahey, Appellate Advocates, New York City (David P. Greenberg of counsel), for respondent.
Richard A. Brown, District Attorney, Kew Gardens (Sharon Y. Brodt of counsel), for appellant.
Lynn W.L. Fahey, Appellate Advocates, New York City (David P. Greenberg of counsel), for respondent.
OPINION OF THE COURT
MEMORANDUM. The order of the Appellate Division should be reversed and the case remitted to that Court for consideration of the facts and issues raised but not determined on the appeal to that Court.
During deliberations, the jury sent a note requesting a read-back of the testimony of a prosecution witness. The trial court did not discuss the content of the note or the court's intended response with counsel on the record before recalling the
jury into the courtroom, but the court read the precise content of the note into the record in the presence of counsel, defendant, and the jury. For reasons unknown, although the jury did not limit or narrow its readback request, it is undisputed that only the witness's direct examination testimony was read to the jury and that the witness's cross-examination testimony was not. Counsel did not object, either to the trial court's procedure or to its response to the note. On appeal, the Appellate Division held that two mode of proceedings errors had occurred and that each error therefore required reversal despite counsel's failure to object (120 A.D.3d 835, 991 N.Y.S.2d 454 [2d Dept.2014] ). First, the Appellate Division held that the trial court's failure to discuss the note and the court's intended response with counsel before recalling the jury into the courtroom constituted a mode of proceedings error (id. at 836, 991 N.Y.S.2d 454 ). That holding was incorrect. The trial court read the precise content of the jury's note into the record in the presence of counsel, defendant, and the jury. Contrary to defendant's contention, the court did not mislead counsel about the content of the note. The court therefore complied with its meaningful notice obligations under CPL 310.30, and counsel was required to object in order to preserve for appellate review any challenge to the trial court's procedure (see People v. Nealon, 26 N.Y.3d 152, 160–162, 20 N.Y.S.3d 315, 41 N.E.3d 1130 [2015] ).
Second, the Appellate Division held that the trial court committed a separate mode of proceedings error by failing to fulfill its responsibility to provide a meaningful response to the jury's inquiry (120 A.D.3d at 836–837, 991 N.Y.S.2d 454 ). We disagree. We have long held that any claim of error in a trial court's supplemental instructions to a deliberating jury must be preserved for appellate review with a timely objection (see e.g. People v. Keschner, 25 N.Y.3d 704, 721–722, 16 N.Y.S.3d 187, 37 N.E.3d 690 [2015] ; People v. Duncan, 46 N.Y.2d 74, 80, 412 N.Y.S.2d 833, 385 N.E.2d 572 [1978], rearg. denied 46 N.Y.2d 940, 415 N.Y.S.2d 1027, 388 N.E.2d 372 [1979], cert. denied 442 U.S. 910, 99 S.Ct. 2823, 61 L.Ed.2d 275 [1979] ). That same reasoning applies to the circumstances of this case.
The trial court's alleged failure to provide a meaningful response to the jury's note does not constitute a mode of proceedings error for which no preservation is required (see People v. Mack, 27 N.Y.3d 534, 36 N.Y.S.3d 68, 55 N.E.3d 1041 [2016] [decided herewith] ). Counsel had meaningful notice of the precise content of the jury's note and was in the courtroom as the readback was conducted. Counsel was therefore aware that the court had failed to read the witness's cross-examination testimony. Counsel's knowledge of the precise content of the note and of the court's actual response, or lack thereof, removes the claimed error from the very narrow class of mode of proceedings errors for which preservation is not required (see id. ). “[C]ounsel's silence at a time when any error by the court could have been obviated by timely objection renders the claim un-preserved and unreviewable here” (People v. Starling, 85 N.Y.2d 509, 516, 626 N.Y.S.2d 729, 650 N.E.2d 387 [1995] ). Inasmuch as defendant failed to preserve his claims regarding the alleged errors, we have no jurisdiction to consider them (see N.Y. Const., art. VI, § 3 [a]; People v. Kelly, 5 N.Y.3d 116, 119–120, 799 N.Y.S.2d 763, 832 N.E.2d 1179 [2005] ).
Chief Judge DIFIORE and Judges PIGOTT, RIVERA, ABDUS–SALAAM, STEIN, FAHEY and GARCIA concur.
On review of submissions pursuant to section 500.11 of the Rules of the Court of Appeals (22 NYCRR 500.11 ), order reversed and case remitted to the Appellate Division, Second Department, for consideration of the facts and issues raised but not determined on the appeal to that Court, in a memorandum.