Summary
holding that victim who had pain in her jaw two years after the assault had suffered protracted impairment of health
Summary of this case from Hiraeta v. New YorkOpinion
2012-12-4
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Ronald MESSAM, etc., Defendant–Appellant.
Robert S. Dean, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York (Carl S. Kaplan of counsel), for appellant. Ronald Messam, appellant pro se.
Robert S. Dean, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York (Carl S. Kaplan of counsel), for appellant. Ronald Messam, appellant pro se.
Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York (Ryan Gee of counsel), for respondent.
, J.P., MOSKOWITZ, RICHTER, ABDUS–SALAAM, FEINMAN, JJ.
Judgment, Supreme Court, New York County (Bonnie G. Wittner, J.), rendered July 28, 2010, convicting defendant, after a jury trial, of assault in the second and third degrees, attempted assault in the third degree, and criminal mischief in the second and fourth degrees, and sentencing him, as a second violent felony offender, to a term of three to six years on the second-degree criminal mischief conviction, to be served consecutively to an aggregate term of seven years on the remaining convictions, unanimously affirmed.
Contrary to defendant's argument, his conviction was based on legally sufficient evidence and was not against the weight of the evidence. The conviction of assault in the second degree required the People to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the victim suffered a “serious physical injury” (Penal Law § 120.05[1] ), a term that the Penal Law defines as “physical injury which creates a substantial risk of death, or which causes death or serious and protracted disfigurement, protracted impairment of health or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily organ” (Penal Law § 10.00[10] ). Although the question of whether there was serious physical injury is generally a factual issue for the jury, “there is an objective level ... below which the question is one of law” ( see People v. Oquendo, 134 A.D.2d 203, 521 N.Y.S.2d 5 [1987],lv. denied,70 N.Y.2d 959, 525 N.Y.S.2d 842, 520 N.E.2d 560 [1988] [citation omitted] [addressing “impairment of physical condition or substantial pain” under the analogous Penal Law 10.00(9) ] ).
Here, the evidence established that defendant violently assaulted the victim during his rampage in a hospital by punching her in the face several times, breaking her nose, damaging her teeth and causing pain in her jaw that persisted until the trial. She described the pain as a “10 out of 10” shortly after the assault and she was fearful of opening her jaw as wide as possible when she yawned, lest it lock. Thus, she sustained a serious physical injury because she still experienced pain in her jaw while eating, two years after the assault. This constituted “protracted ... impairment of the function of [a] bodily organ” and “protracted impairment of health” (Penal Law § 10.00[10]; see also People v. Corbin, 90 A.D.3d 478, 479, 934 N.Y.S.2d 389 [2011],lv. denied19 N.Y.3d 972, 950 N.Y.S.2d 355, 973 N.E.2d 765 [2012] ).
We also reject defendant's challenge to the sufficiency and weight of the evidence supporting his second-degree criminal mischief conviction. The evidence supports a reasonable inference that the damage caused by defendant required the replacement of six glass panes at a total cost in excess of the statutory threshold.
Defendant's pro se claims are without merit.