Opinion
December 14, 1992
Appeal from the County Court, Orange County (Scarpino, J.).
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.
The defendant contends that his statement made to the police in response to a police officer's question as to "where the gun was" was inadmissible at the trial since it was made when he was in custody, before receiving Miranda warnings, and that the "public safety exception" should not apply under the facts of this case. He further contends that his statements made at the police precinct were also inadmissible because the police knew or should have known that he had a criminal case pending against him (see, People v Bartolomeo, 53 N.Y.2d 225).
In New York v Quarles ( 467 U.S. 649), the Supreme Court carved out a limited exception to the Miranda requirements which is triggered when a danger to public safety appears to be present. At bar, the hearing court properly applied this public safety exception. When Officer MacFarland arrived at the defendant's home, he had to pass numerous people, including children, to get to the front porch. Once on the porch, the officer observed a woman lying in the front doorway with what appeared to be a bullet wound in her chest. The defendant was sitting nearby in a chair on the front porch repeatedly stating, "[s]he made me do it, she wouldn't leave me alone, I had to do it". Officer MacFarland then frisked the defendant and asked him "where the gun was". The defendant responded that he had gotten rid of it and that it would never be found. With the numerous people and children in the immediate area, the question posed to the defendant as to the whereabouts of the gun was more for the purpose of ascertaining for safety reasons the location of the gun, than to secure evidence of a crime (see, People v Howard, 162 A.D.2d 615). Moreover, when the officer asked the defendant for the location of the gun, there still existed a volatile situation which called for immediate action (cf., Matter of John C., 130 A.D.2d 246; People v Strickland, 169 A.D.2d 9).
The defendant's claim under People v Bartolomeo ( 53 N.Y.2d 225, supra) is without merit, since Bartolomeo was overruled by the Court of Appeals in People v Bing ( 76 N.Y.2d 331) which is applied retroactively (see, People v Goodman, 166 A.D.2d 541; People v Vail, 182 A.D.2d 331; People v Brown, 171 A.D.2d 1038; People v Baptiste, 172 A.D.2d 363).
The defendant argues that the jury verdict finding him guilty of manslaughter in the second degree was against the weight of the evidence. Upon the exercise of our factual review power (see, CPL 470.15), we find that the weight of the evidence adduced at the trial clearly established that the defendant, aware of the substantial and unjustifiable risk that death would result from his action, disregarded that risk, and shot the victim, causing her death (see, People v Licitra, 47 N.Y.2d 554, 558).
The defendant's claim that the trial court unfairly marshaled the evidence is without merit. The court marshaled the evidence in a most even handed manner (see, People v Hill, 158 A.D.2d 339). In any event, the court's marshaling of the evidence did not deprive the defendant of a fair trial (see, People v Diaz, 179 A.D.2d 674).
Based on the nature and the severity of the instant offense, the sentence imposed is not excessive (see, People v Suitte, 90 A.D.2d 80). Lawrence, J.P., Miller, O'Brien and Pizzuto, JJ., concur.