Opinion
December 27, 1993
Appeal from the County Court, Nassau County (Wexner, J.).
Ordered that the appeal is dismissed, without costs or disbursements.
During the course of a criminal trial under Nassau County Indictment No. 69637, the People offered to produce certain written statements which the prosecutor had reason to believe had been made by four police officer witnesses. These statements had been made at the behest of the County Attorney in connection with an investigation which he had undertaken as a result of the criminal defendant's commencement of a Federal civil action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against the County. It is clear that these statements were never in the physical custody of the Office of the District Attorney and that the actual custodian of the statements is unwilling to produce them voluntarily. At some point, the County Court issued what has been referred to as an "oral bench subpoena", although no subpoena, as that term is defined by the applicable law (see, CPL 610.10, [3]; 610.20 [1], [3]; CPLR 2302, 2303, 2304) was ever issued. Nonetheless, after having been informally notified of the existence of the "oral subpoena," a representative of the County Attorney appeared in the County Court, and asserted that the statements sought by the District Attorney were privileged, and not subject to disclosure. The prosecutor, with the support of defense counsel, argued that the statements should be produced.
In a ruling dated February 4, 1993, the County Court denied what it described as a "[motion] to quash the oral bench subpoena of the court" (People v McIntosh, supra, at 552). The court found that copies of the four statements in question were "under the possession of the police," and that, for this reason, they were "clearly under the control of the District Attorney" (People v McIntosh, supra, at 552, citing People v Ranghelle, 69 N.Y.2d 56). The County Attorney has now appealed to this Court.
The appeal must be dismissed. A judgment which denies a motion to quash a subpoena duces tecum issued by a criminal court during a criminal trial and addressed to an entity which is not a party to the criminal proceeding is appealable on the theory such a determination constitutes a final judgment in a proceeding "on the civil side of a court vested with civil jurisdiction" (Matter of Cunningham v Nadjari, 39 N.Y.2d 314, 317; see also, CPLR 5701 [a] [1]; People v Marin, 86 A.D.2d 40, 42, citing People v Doe, 247 App. Div. 324, affd 272 N.Y.2d 473; New Jersey v Geoghegan, 76 A.D.2d 894; see also, People v Johnson, 103 A.D.2d 754). In the present case, there was, properly speaking, neither a written subpoena nor a written motion to quash a subpoena, so that the above rule does not apply. Whatever terminology the parties and the County Court itself might have used to describe the nature of the proceedings which have taken place thus far, the reality is that the County Court made a trial ruling directing the Office of the County Attorney to produce certain documents. No appeal lies from a trial ruling.
The appeal is therefore dismissed. The parties are advised, however, that we have reviewed the merits of a similar case (see, Matter of County of Nassau v Sullivan, 194 A.D.2d 236) in which we expressly disapproved of the County Court's decision in the present case. Bracken, J.P., Balletta, Eiber and Copertino, JJ., concur.