Opinion
568 KA 21-01534
07-28-2023
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Dewayne A. MCGUIRE, Defendant-Appellant.
FELDMAN AND FELDMAN, MANHASSET (STEVEN A. FELDMAN OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. BROOKS T. BAKER, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, BATH (JOHN C. TUNNEY OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
FELDMAN AND FELDMAN, MANHASSET (STEVEN A. FELDMAN OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
BROOKS T. BAKER, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, BATH (JOHN C. TUNNEY OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: WHALEN, P.J., LINDLEY, BANNISTER, MONTOUR, AND GREENWOOD, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
It is hereby ORDERED that the case is held, the decision is reserved and the matter is remitted to Steuben County Court for further proceedings in accordance with the following memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of assault in the first degree ( Penal Law § 120.10 [1] ), assault in the second degree (§ 120.05 [2]), criminal mischief in the third degree (§ 145.05 [2]), and tampering with physical evidence (§ 215.40 [2]).
Defendant contends that prosecutorial misconduct on summation deprived him of a fair trial, and that County Court compounded this error in its response to the jury note requesting a readback of the mischaracterized testimony. We reject defendant's contention. Initially, as defendant correctly concedes, the contention is unpreserved inasmuch as defense counsel failed to object to the purportedly improper comment (see People v. Reynolds , 211 A.D.3d 1493, 1494, 180 N.Y.S.3d 433 [4th Dept. 2022], lv denied 39 N.Y.3d 1079, 184 N.Y.S.3d 287, 204 N.E.3d 1069 [2023] ). In any event, we conclude that any error was cured by the requested readback of the relevant testimony (see People v. Peters , 277 A.D.2d 512, 514, 714 N.Y.S.2d 818 [3d Dept. 2000] ; see generally People v. Proctor , 104 A.D.3d 1290, 1291, 960 N.Y.S.2d 833 [4th Dept. 2013], lv denied 21 N.Y.3d 1008, 971 N.Y.S.2d 260, 993 N.E.2d 1283 [2013] ; People v. Phillips , 237 A.D.2d 386, 386, 658 N.Y.S.2d 320 [2d Dept. 1997] ) and by the court's instructions to the jury that its "recollection, understanding, and evaluation of the evidence ... controls regardless of what the lawyers have said or will say about the evidence" (see People v. Morgan , 148 A.D.3d 1590, 1591, 50 N.Y.S.3d 699 [4th Dept. 2017], lv denied 29 N.Y.3d 1083, 64 N.Y.S.3d 173, 86 N.E.3d 260 [2017] ; People v. Morrow , 143 A.D.3d 919, 921, 39 N.Y.S.3d 232 [2d Dept. 2016], lv denied 28 N.Y.3d 1148, 52 N.Y.S.3d 300, 74 N.E.3d 685 [2017] ; People v. Sylvain , 33 A.D.3d 330, 331-332, 821 N.Y.S.2d 588 [1st Dept. 2006], lv denied 7 N.Y.3d 904, 826 N.Y.S.2d 613, 860 N.E.2d 75 [2006] ). Inasmuch as defendant was not deprived of a fair trial by the error of the prosecutor, defense counsel's failure to preserve his contention did not deprive him of effective assistance of counsel (see People v. Palmer , 204 A.D.3d 1512, 1514-1515, 167 N.Y.S.3d 697 [4th Dept. 2022], lv denied 38 N.Y.3d 1190, 176 N.Y.S.3d 207, 197 N.E.3d 487 [2022] ; People v. Bagley , 194 A.D.3d 1475, 1477, 147 N.Y.S.3d 297 [4th Dept. 2021], lv denied 37 N.Y.3d 990, 152 N.Y.S.3d 395, 174 N.E.3d 335 [2021] ).
We likewise reject defendant's related contention that the court erred in denying his motion to set aside the verdict under CPL 330.30 (1) based on the prosecutor's improper comment. "Pursuant to CPL 330.30 (1), following the issuance of a verdict and before sentencing a court may set aside a verdict on ‘[a]ny ground appearing in the record which, if raised upon an appeal from a prospective judgment of conviction, would require a reversal or modification of the judgment as a matter of law by an appellate court’ " ( People v. Benton , 78 A.D.3d 1545, 1546, 910 N.Y.S.2d 795 [4th Dept. 2010], lv denied 16 N.Y.3d 828, 921 N.Y.S.2d 192, 946 N.E.2d 180 [2011] ). "The power granted a Trial Judge is, thus, far more limited than that of an intermediate appellate court, which is authorized to determine not only questions of law but issues of fact ..., to reverse or modify a judgment when the verdict is against the weight of the evidence ..., and to reverse as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice" ( People v Carter , 63 N.Y.2d 530, 536, 483 N.Y.S.2d 654, 473 N.E.2d 6 [1984] [internal quotation marks omitted]). Here, inasmuch as defendant failed to preserve his contention for our review, reversal by an appellate court based on that contention was not required as a matter of law and the court lacked the authority to grant the motion.
Defendant further contends that the evidence is legally insufficient to support the conviction. At the close of the People's case, defendant moved for a trial order of dismissal on the basis that the People had failed to establish the element of intent. There is no indication in the record that the court ruled on defendant's motion. We lack the power to review defendant's contention that the evidence is legally insufficient with respect to intent because "we cannot deem the court's failure to rule on the ... motion as a denial thereof" ( People v. Desmond , 213 A.D.3d 1356, 1357, 183 N.Y.S.3d 227 [4th Dept. 2023] [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v. Concepcion , 17 N.Y.3d 192, 197-198, 929 N.Y.S.2d 541, 953 N.E.2d 779 [2011] ; People v. LaFontaine , 92 N.Y.2d 470, 474, 682 N.Y.S.2d 671, 705 N.E.2d 663 [1998], rearg denied 93 N.Y.2d 849, 688 N.Y.S.2d 495, 710 N.E.2d 1094 [1999] ; People v. Moore , 147 A.D.3d 1548, 1548-1549, 48 N.Y.S.3d 567 [4th Dept. 2017] ). We therefore hold the case, reserve decision, and remit the matter to County Court for a ruling on the motion (see Desmond , 213 A.D.3d at 1357, 183 N.Y.S.3d 227 ; Moore , 147 A.D.3d at 1549, 48 N.Y.S.3d 567 ). In light of our determination, we do not reach defendant's remaining contentions.