Opinion
Docket No. 8706.
Decided May 1, 1972.
Appeal from St. Clair, Stanley C. Schlee, J. Submitted Division 2 February 29, 1972, at Lansing. (Docket No. 8706.) Decided May 1, 1972.
Michael R. Maybee was convicted of armed robbery. Defendant appeals. Remanded with instructions.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, Walter W. Turton, Prosecuting Attorney, Peter Deegan, Chief Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, and Delmer L. Cleland, Corporation Counsel, for the people.
Lloyd V. Marlette, for defendant on appeal.
Michigan law recognizes that an accused is guaranteed the right to counsel at a pretrial lineup conducted for identification purposes under United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218; 87 S Ct 1926; 18 L Ed 2d 1149 (1967). People v. Hutton, 21 Mich. App. 312 (1970). It is further well-established that,
"* * * [O]nce the claim of an illegal confrontation is raised, an evidentiary hearing must be held to determine the merits of the claim, and that this hearing must be held outside the presence of the jury." People v. Childers, 20 Mich. App. 639, 646 (1969); People v. Hutton, 21 Mich. App. 312, 325 (1970); People v. Edmonds, 32 Mich. App. 172, 173 (1971).
Furthermore, Michigan law recognizes that the defendant has the right to testify at the Wade hearing "for the limited purpose of making a record of his version of the facts and circumstances regarding the lineup". People v. Piscunere, 26 Mich. App. 52, 56 (1970).
In the case at bar, the trial court refused to allow the defendant to testify at the Wade hearing for the limited purpose of offering evidence regarding the lineup. This refusal is reversible error. Likewise, the trial court erred in submitting to the jury the issues of the voluntariness of defendant's waiver of assistance of counsel at the lineup and the fairness of the lineup. People v. Hutton, supra. This case is remanded for a full evidentiary hearing where the trial court, after hearing all testimony, should determine the following: (1) Whether the defendant did or did not knowingly and voluntarily waive his right to assistance of counsel at all three lineups, and (2) If there is a finding that the defendant did not so waive assistance of counsel for the second and third lineups (the lineups where the defendant was identified), whether the subsequent in-court identification did or did not have an independent origin other than the lineup.
If the trial court determines that the defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived his right to assistance of counsel at all three lineups, then this case shall stand affirmed in all respects. If the trial court determines that the defendant did not so waive assistance of counsel for the second and third lineups but determines that the subsequent in-court identification had an independent origin other than from the illegal lineups, then this cause shall stand affirmed. If the trial court makes a finding that the defendant did not so waive assistance of counsel and a further finding that the subsequent in-court identification did not have an independent origin, then the trial court shall grant a motion for new trial.
Remanded with directions hereinbefore set forth.