Opinion
10-13-2016
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Michael MAHL, Appellant.
Susan Patnode, Rural Law Center of New York, Castleton (Kelly L. Egan of counsel), for appellant. Kathleen B. Hogan, District Attorney, Lake George (Emilee B. Davenport of counsel), for respondent.
Susan Patnode, Rural Law Center of New York, Castleton (Kelly L. Egan of counsel), for appellant.
Kathleen B. Hogan, District Attorney, Lake George (Emilee B. Davenport of counsel), for respondent.
Before: PETERS, P.J., GARRY, EGAN JR., MULVEY and AARONS, JJ.
AARONS, J.
Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Warren County (Hall Jr., J.), rendered March 11, 2015, which revoked defendant's probation and imposed a sentence of imprisonment.
Defendant, then 21 years old, left a party where he ingested drugs and alcohol and proceeded to enter a school building in Oneida County late at night with more than 60 other individuals from the party. While the group was inside, locks were super-glued, walls were spray-painted and water fountains and surveillance cameras were damaged. Defendant returned to the school for a second time with others and, this time, computers and projection screens were taken. Defendant subsequently waived indictment and agreed to be prosecuted by a superior court information charging him with various crimes, including burglary in the third degree. In satisfaction thereof, he pleaded guilty to this crime and waived his right to appeal. In accordance with the plea agreement, he was sentenced by Oneida County Court to five years of probation.
The first six months were to be served in the Oneida County jail, but defendant was serving time on a prior probation violation, to which the sentence was to run concurrently, and he was sentenced to time served on the jail portion of the sentence.
Defendant's probation was subsequently transferred to Warren County and he was charged with violating its terms by failing to complete a mandatory substance abuse evaluation and using drugs and alcohol. Warren County Court told defendant that a prison sentence of 2 ? to 7 years could be imposed. Defendant, however, admitted to these violations and, in return, Warren County Court continued his probation upon the additional condition that he participate in treatment court, recognizing that he could benefit from such treatment. Warren County Court further warned defendant that any violation of the probation conditions could result in a prison sentence. Within four months, defendant, against the advice of staff, left the program that was part of treatment court and was again charged with violating his probation. As a result, his probation was revoked and he was resentenced to 2 to 6 years in prison. Defendant now appeals.
Defendant's sole contention is that the resentence is harsh and excessive. We disagree. Notwithstanding his young age and lack of an extensive criminal record, defendant has a serious drug and alcohol problem. Defendant was afforded an opportunity to avoid a period of incarceration, but he has nevertheless exhibited a repeated unwillingness to comply with the terms of his probation despite being notified of the potential consequences of defying such terms. Therefore, we find no extraordinary circumstances or any abuse of discretion warranting a reduction of the resentence in the interest of justice (see People v. McGregor, 119 A.D.3d 1235, 1236, 989 N.Y.S.2d 404 [2014], lv. denied 25 N.Y.3d 991, 10 N.Y.S.3d 534, 32 N.E.3d 971 [2015] ; People v. Miller, 113 A.D.3d 935, 936, 978 N.Y.S.2d 475 [2014], lv. denied 22 N.Y.3d 1201, 986 N.Y.S.2d 421, 9 N.E.3d 916 [2014] ; People v. Dowling, 92 A.D.3d 1034, 1035, 937 N.Y.S.2d 729 [2012], lv. denied 18 N.Y.3d 993, 945 N.Y.S.2d 648, 968 N.E.2d 1004 [2012] ).
We note that defendant is not precluded from raising this claim by the waiver of the right to appeal that he entered in connection with his original guilty plea (see People v. Vallance, 137 A.D.3d 1327, 1327–1328, 25 N.Y.S.3d 908 [2016] ; People v. McFadden, 127 A.D.3d 1340, 1341, 7 N.Y.S.3d 641 [2015], lv. denied 26 N.Y.3d 932, 17 N.Y.S.3d 95, 38 N.E.3d 841 [2015] ).
PETERS, P.J., and EGAN JR., J., concur.
GARRY, J. (dissenting).
We respectfully dissent. Defendant's initial admissions, in the course of his October 2013 plea, describe his participation in what can only be considered a melee, in which he engaged with a very large group of other individuals in a spree of vandalism in the local school building. In describing his activities that night, defendant stated that he was drawn to the event as he had heard that the plan was to “put goats in the principal's office.” As the events unfolded, there were apparently no goats, but, instead, a great deal of destruction and theft of school property. Although the plea bargain was for a prison term of 1 to 3 years, Oneida County Court, which might reasonably have been expected to be fully familiar with other proceedings involving defendants with charges related to the melee, subsequently imposed a significantly lesser sanction, amounting to a sentence of time served with five years of probation and restitution.
Defendant was intoxicated at the time of his crime. He has acknowledged that this does not excuse his actions that evening. We agree with the majority that the record reveals that he continues to suffer from a substance abuse problem, which he has failed to address despite several opportunities. He admitted to violating the terms of his probation by drinking beer and using marihuana while attending two rock concerts in August 2014. He was then directed to undergo inpatient treatment, but failed to remain at the treatment facility, even when given a second opportunity to comply. In light of these violations, Warren County Court, to which defendant's probation was transferred, was permitted to impose a term of incarceration greater than that initially promised in the plea bargain (see CPL 410.70[5] ; People v. Miles, 192 A.D.2d 781, 782, 596 N.Y.S.2d 482 [1993], lv. denied 82 N.Y.2d 723, 602 N.Y.S.2d 820, 622 N.E.2d 321 [1993] ).
However, and in our view significantly, defendant's violations are solely and entirely related and confined to his substance abuse issues. There has been no evidence of any criminal conduct since the initial school vandalism, and there has been no reported violence, theft or misconduct directed at any other individual since the date of defendant's initial crime and plea. In the complete absence of evidence of criminal conduct beyond defendant's abuse of alcohol and marihuana, and in light of his age and circumstances, we find the prison sentence of 2 to 6 years to be unduly harsh and excessive (see People v. Kearns, 66 A.D.3d 1084, 1085, 886 N.Y.S.2d 779 [2009] ; People v. Robinson, 258 A.D.2d 817, 818, 686 N.Y.S.2d 170 [1999], lv. denied 93 N.Y.2d 978, 695 N.Y.S.2d 64, 716 N.E.2d 1109 [1999] ). Accordingly, we would modify the judgment of conviction by imposing a prison sentence of 1 to 3 years in accord with the terms of defendant's plea.
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.
MULVEY, J., concurs.