Opinion
2013-06-7
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Jack LUKENS, Defendant–Appellant.
D.J. & J.A. Cirando, Esqs., Syracuse (Bradley E. Keem of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Gregory S. Oakes, District Attorney, Oswego (Courtney E. Petitt of Counsel), for Respondent.
D.J. & J.A. Cirando, Esqs., Syracuse (Bradley E. Keem of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Gregory S. Oakes, District Attorney, Oswego (Courtney E. Petitt of Counsel), for Respondent.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., FAHEY, PERADOTTO, LINDLEY, AND WHALEN, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
On appeal from a judgment convicting him of grand larceny in the fourth degree (Penal Law § 155.30[1] ) and petit larceny (§ 155.25), defendant contends that County Court's Sandoval ruling constitutes an abuse of discretion. We reject that contention. The court permitted the prosecutor to ask defendant whether he had been convicted of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the seventh degree and identity theft in the third degree. The court also permitted the prosecutor to ask defendant whether he had two prior felony convictions and 15 prior misdemeanor convictions without revealing the underlying nature of those offenses, all of which were larcenies or related to larceny. We conclude that the court's determination was not an abuse of discretion inasmuch as it “ reflects sensitivity to the particular prejudice that may result when a jury is made aware of the fact that the defendant has previously committed crimes that are similar to the charged crime” ( People v. Walker, 83 N.Y.2d 455, 459, 611 N.Y.S.2d 118, 633 N.E.2d 472).
We also reject defendant's contention that the court erred in allowing the People to introduce evidence of his prior involvement as an accomplice in an uncharged larceny. The evidence of an uncharged larceny committed by defendant and his co-defendant was properly admitted under the intent, common scheme or plan, and identity exceptions to the Molineux rule ( see generally People v. Ingram, 71 N.Y.2d 474, 479–480, 527 N.Y.S.2d 363, 522 N.E.2d 439;People v. Molineux, 168 N.Y. 264, 293–294, 61 N.E. 286;People v. Arguinzoni, 48 A.D.3d 1239, 1240, 852 N.Y.S.2d 546,lv. denied10 N.Y.3d 859, 860 N.Y.S.2d 485, 890 N.E.2d 248).
We reject the further contention of defendant that the court erred in denying his motion to sever the two counts of the indictment and to sever his trial from that of his codefendant. “Defendant's motion was untimely, and defendant failed to show good cause for bringing his motion [eight] months after [his arraignment]” ( People v. Wilburn, 50 A.D.3d 1617, 1618, 856 N.Y.S.2d 767,lv. denied11 N.Y.3d 742, 864 N.Y.S.2d 401, 894 N.E.2d 665;seeCPL 255.20[1], [3] ). In any event, defendant's contention is without merit. The court did not err in denying defendant's motion to sever the counts of the indictment because “[d]efendant failed to establish that there was ‘[s]ubstantially more proof on one ... [of the] joinable offenses than on [the] other[ ] and there [was] a substantial likelihood that the jury would be unable to consider separately the proof as it relate[d] to each offense’ ” ( People v. Davis, 19 A.D.3d 1007, 1007, 797 N.Y.S.2d 673, quoting CPL 200.20[3][a]; see People v. Dozier, 32 A.D.3d 1346, 1346–1347, 821 N.Y.S.2d 726,lv. denied8 N.Y.3d 880, 832 N.Y.S.2d 492, 864 N.E.2d 622). Additionally, the court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant's motion to sever his trial from that of his codefendant. “The evidence against defendant and his codefendant[ ] was essentially identical, and the respective defenses were not in irreconcilable conflict” ( People v. Buccina, 62 A.D.3d 1252, 1253, 878 N.Y.S.2d 530,lv. denied12 N.Y.3d 913, 884 N.Y.S.2d 694, 912 N.E.2d 1075).
We agree with defendant that his conviction of grand larceny in the fourth degree is not supported by legally sufficient evidence that the value of the stolen property exceeded $1,000 ( see People v. Pallagi, 91 A.D.3d 1266, 1269–1270, 937 N.Y.S.2d 486). At trial, the People presented a surveillance video showing a male pushing a shopping cart containing merchandise out of a Tractor Supply Company store, and that video provided legally sufficient evidence from which the jury could reasonably conclude that defendant was the male in the video ( see generally People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672). The only items clearly visible in the cart, however, were two bags of dog food, and the People presented no evidence regarding the value of those items. Although the People did present evidence that $1,899 in “pet containment” merchandise was missing from the store on the date in question, no pet containment items are visible in the surveillance video, and there is no other evidence connecting defendant to those missing items. Thus, we cannot on this record conclude “ ‘that the jury ha[d] a reasonable basis for inferring, rather than speculating, that the value of the property exceeded the statutory threshold’ of $1,000” ( People v. Brink, 78 A.D.3d 1483, 1484, 910 N.Y.S.2d 606,lv. denied16 N.Y.3d 742, 917 N.Y.S.2d 623, 942 N.E.2d 1048,reconsideration denied16 N.Y.3d 828, 921 N.Y.S.2d 192, 946 N.E.2d 180). Nevertheless, we conclude that the evidence is legally sufficient to establish that defendant committed the lesser included offense of petit larceny ( see Pallagi, 91 A.D.3d at 1270, 937 N.Y.S.2d 486;see generally Brink, 78 A.D.3d at 1484, 910 N.Y.S.2d 606). We therefore modify the judgment by reducing the conviction of grand larceny in the fourth degree to petit larceny (Penal Law § 155.25) and vacating the sentence imposed on count one of the indictment ( seeCPL 470.15[2][a] ), and we remit the matter to County Court for sentencing on the conviction of petit larceny ( seeCPL 470.20[4] ).
Defendant's contention that his conviction of petit larceny is based upon legally insufficient evidence is not preserved for our review because defendant did not move for a trial order of dismissal with respect to that count of the indictment ( see People v. Gray, 86 N.Y.2d 10, 19, 629 N.Y.S.2d 173, 652 N.E.2d 919). In any event, that contention is without merit ( see generally Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d at 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672). Furthermore, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crime of petit larceny as charged to the jury ( see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1), we reject defendant's contention that the verdict with respect to that crime is against the weight of the evidence ( see generally Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d at 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672).
Although defendant further contends that he was denied a fair trial based on prosecutorial misconduct during summation, that contention is not preserved for our review because defendant failed to object to the allegedly improper comments during summation ( see People v. Balls, 69 N.Y.2d 641, 642, 511 N.Y.S.2d 586, 503 N.E.2d 1017;People v. Sulli, 81 A.D.3d 1309, 1311, 916 N.Y.S.2d 389,lv. denied17 N.Y.3d 802, 929 N.Y.S.2d 110, 952 N.E.2d 1105). We decline to exercise our power to review that contention as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice ( seeCPL 470.15[6][a] ).
Defendant's contention that he was denied effective assistance of counsel because counsel failed to make a timely motion to sever the indictment is without merit. “Any motion to sever ... the indictment would have had ‘ “little or no chance of success,” ’ and thus counsel's failure to make such a [timely] motion ... does not indicate ineffectiveness of counsel” ( Dozier, 32 A.D.3d at 1347, 821 N.Y.S.2d 726, quoting People v. Caban, 5 N.Y.3d 143, 152, 800 N.Y.S.2d 70, 833 N.E.2d 213). Moreover, we conclude that the evidence, the law and the circumstances of this case, viewed in totality and as of the time of representation, establish that defendant received meaningful representation( see generally People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147, 444 N.Y.S.2d 893, 429 N.E.2d 400). In light of our determination, we do not address defendant's remaining contention.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously modified on the law by reducing the conviction of grand larceny in the fourth degree (Penal Law § 155.30[1] ) to petit larceny (§ 155.25) and vacating the sentence imposed on count one of the indictment and as modified the judgment is affirmed, and the matter is remitted to Oswego County Court for sentencing on the conviction of petit larceny.