Opinion
01-02-2015
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. James E. HIGHSMITH, also known as James E. Highsmith, III, Defendant–Appellant.
Law Offices of Joseph D. Waldorf, P.C., Rochester (Joseph D. Waldorf of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Sandra Doorley, District Attorney, Rochester (Robert J. Shoemaker of Counsel), for Respondent.
Law Offices of Joseph D. Waldorf, P.C., Rochester (Joseph D. Waldorf of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant.
Sandra Doorley, District Attorney, Rochester (Robert J. Shoemaker of Counsel), for Respondent.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., PERADOTTO, CARNI, VALENTINO, and DeJOSEPH, JJ.
MEMORANDUM: On appeal from a judgment convicting him, after a nonjury trial, of burglary in the first degree ( Penal Law § 140.30 [2 ] ) and burglary in the second degree (§ 140.25), defendant contends that the People did not sufficiently corroborate the testimony of the accomplices, as required by CPL 60.22(1). We reject that contention. It is well settled that " ‘[t]he corroborative evidence need not show the commission of the crime ... It is enough if it tends to connect the defendant with the commission of the crime in such a way as may reasonably satisfy the jury that the accomplice is telling the truth’ " ( People v. Reome, 15 N.Y.3d 188, 192–193, 906 N.Y.S.2d 788, 933 N.E.2d 186, quoting People v. Dixon, 231 N.Y. 111, 116, 131 N.E. 752 ). "[E]vidence that defendant was present at the scene of the crime or was with the accomplices shortly before or after the crime can, under certain circumstances, provide the necessary corroboration of the accomplices' testimony" ( People v. Bolden, 161 A.D.2d 1126, 1126–1127, 556 N.Y.S.2d 415, lv. denied 76 N.Y.2d 853, 560 N.Y.S.2d 992, 561 N.E.2d 892 ). Here, three accomplices testified that defendant planned the crime along with them, accompanied them to the crime, acted as a lookout during the crime, accompanied them to a motel room immediately after the crime, and accepted his share of the proceeds of the crime, including cash and drugs. An employee of the motel testified that defendant paid for that motel room in cash, and defendant gave a statement to the police admitting that he accompanied the codefendants to that room and paid for the room. The employee's testimony and defendant's statement " ‘harmonized’ " with the accomplice testimony ( People v. McRae, 15 N.Y.3d 761, 762, 906 N.Y.S.2d 809, 933 N.E.2d 207, rearg. denied 15 N.Y.3d 902, 912 N.Y.S.2d 570, 938 N.E.2d 1005 ). Furthermore, mail addressed to defendant was recovered from one of the vehicles used in the commission of the crime (see generally People v. Rodriguez, 22 N.Y.3d 917, 918, 977 N.Y.S.2d 703, 999 N.E.2d 1148 ).
Contrary to defendant's contention, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the People (see People v. Williams, 84 N.Y.2d 925, 926, 620 N.Y.S.2d 811, 644 N.E.2d 1367 ), we conclude that it is legally sufficient to support the conviction (see generally People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 ). Contrary to defendant's further contention, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes in this nonjury trial (see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 ), we conclude that the verdict is not against the weight of the evidence (see generally Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d at 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 ). Defendant's contentions with respect to the sufficiency of the evidence submitted to the grand jury are "not reviewable on appeal because the grand jury minutes are not included in the record on appeal" ( People v. Dilbert, 1 A.D.3d 967, 967–968, 767 N.Y.S.2d 337, lv. denied 1 N.Y.3d 626, 777 N.Y.S.2d 25, 808 N.E.2d 1284 ; see generally People v. Lane, 47 A.D.3d 1125, 1127 n. 3, 849 N.Y.S.2d 719, lv. denied 10 N.Y.3d 866, 860 N.Y.S.2d 492, 890 N.E.2d 255 ). In any event, "[i]t is well established that ‘ [t]he validity of an order denying any motion [to dismiss an indictment for legal insufficiency of the grand jury evidence] is not reviewable upon an appeal from an ensuing judgment of conviction based upon legally sufficient trial evidence’ " ( People v. Afrika, 79 A.D.3d 1678, 1679, 914 N.Y.S.2d 542, lv. denied 17 N.Y.3d 791, 929 N.Y.S.2d 99, 952 N.E.2d 1094, quoting CPL 210.30[6] ) and, as we concluded herein, the trial evidence is legally sufficient. Finally, inasmuch as the evidence, the law, and the circumstances of this case, viewed in totality and as of the time of the representation, establish that defense counsel provided meaningful representation, we reject defendant's contention that he was denied effective assistance of counsel (see generally People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147, 444 N.Y.S.2d 893, 429 N.E.2d 400 ).
We have reviewed defendant's remaining contention and conclude that it lacks merit.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.