Opinion
December 15, 1986
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Kings County (Lombardo, J.).
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.
The trial court allowed certain hearsay statements into evidence, "apparently as admissions by silence, because the defendant was present when the statements were made" (People v Rhodes, 96 A.D.2d 565, 566). However, "[d]eclarations or statements made in the presence of a party * * * are only competent [evidence] when the person affected hears and fully comprehends the effect of the words spoken and when he is at full liberty to make answer thereto, and then only under such circumstances as would justify the inference of assent or acquiescence as to the truth of the statement by his remaining silent" (People v. Kennedy, 164 N.Y. 449, 457; see, People v Allen, 300 N.Y. 222, 225). The record does not support a finding that the challenged hearsay statements fall within this rule in that the statements were either made while the defendant was in police custody (see, People v. Rutigliano, 261 N.Y. 103, 107), or they were of such a nature that there would be no reason for the defendant to necessarily reply to the statements. We note that contrary to the People's contentions on appeal, the prosecutor did not seek to have any of the statements admitted as excited utterances nor were they introduced solely because they were made and not for the truth of the matter within the statements. Thus, the trial court erred in admitting the hearsay statements in question.
However, we find that the error was harmless in light of the overwhelming evidence of guilt, including the testimony of two eyewitnesses who identified the defendant as the person who stabbed the first victim and two other eyewitnesses who identified the defendant as the person who stabbed the second victim, all of whom either knew or had previously seen the defendant in the community (see, People v. Almestica, 42 N.Y.2d 222; People v. Crimmins, 36 N.Y.2d 230; People v. Rhodes, supra).
The defendant's remaining contentions are either unpreserved for appellate review or without merit. Thompson, J.P., Rubin, Lawrence and Kunzeman, JJ., concur.