Opinion
2014-03-21
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Appellant, v. Louis GRIMES, Defendant–Respondent.
William J. Fitzpatrick, District Attorney, Syracuse (Victoria M. White of Counsel), for Appellant. Frank H. Hiscock Legal Aid Society, Syracuse (Philip Rothschild of Counsel), for Defendant–Respondent.
William J. Fitzpatrick, District Attorney, Syracuse (Victoria M. White of Counsel), for Appellant.Frank H. Hiscock Legal Aid Society, Syracuse (Philip Rothschild of Counsel), for Defendant–Respondent.
PRESENT: SCUDDER, P.J., CENTRA, FAHEY, CARNI, and VALENTINO, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
The People appeal from an order granting that part of defendant's omnibus motion seeking to dismiss the count of the indictment charging defendant with assault in the first degree (Penal Law § 120.10[1] ). The indictment also contains a second count, charging defendant with assault in the second degree (§ 120.05[2] ). In dismissing the count charging defendant with assault in the first degree, County Court held that the People improperly reopened the grand jury proceedings after a true bill had been voted on the charge of assault in the second degree, which had not been filed as an indictment, in order to supplement the evidence and bring the higher charge of assault in the first degree. The court concluded that, pursuant to CPL 190.25(1) and People v. Cade, 74 N.Y.2d 410, 548 N.Y.S.2d 137, 547 N.E.2d 339, the People were required to obtain the vote of at least 12 members of the grand jury to vacate the grand jury's earlier vote and reopen the proceedings. We agree with the People that the court erred in dismissing the count charging defendant with assault in the first degree.
Dismissal of an indictment under CPL 210.35(5) based on a defective grand jury proceeding “ ‘is limited to instances of prosecutorial misconduct, fraudulent conduct or errors which potentially prejudice the ultimate decision reached by the [g]rand [j]ury’ ” ( People v. Sheltray, 244 A.D.2d 854, 855, 665 N.Y.S.2d 224,lv. denied91 N.Y.2d 897, 669 N.Y.S.2d 12, 691 N.E.2d 1038;see People v. Huston, 88 N.Y.2d 400, 409, 646 N.Y.S.2d 69, 668 N.E.2d 1362;People v. Shol, 100 A.D.3d 1461, 1462, 953 N.Y.S.2d 778,lv. denied20 N.Y.3d 1103, 965 N.Y.S.2d 800, 988 N.E.2d 538). Pursuant to CPL 190.25(1), “[p]roceedings of a grand jury are not valid unless [16] of its members are present. The finding of an indictment ... and every other affirmative official action or decision requires the concurrence of at least [12] members thereof.”
Here, as noted, the court held that the grand jury proceedings were defective because the People, without seeking a formal vote of at least 12 members of the grand jury, submitted additional evidence after the grand jury had voted the first true bill, but before an indictment had been filed. Contrary to the court's conclusion, Cade does not hold that a grand jury must vote to vacate a prior true bill that has not been filed as an indictment in order to reopen the proceedings and introduce additional evidence in support of proposed charges that were not previously considered by the grand jury ( see generally People v. Frasier, 105 A.D.3d 1079, 1080, 962 N.Y.S.2d 787;People v. Lyons, 40 A.D.3d 1121, 1122, 837 N.Y.S.2d 706,lv. denied9 N.Y.3d 878, 842 N.Y.S.2d 790, 874 N.E.2d 757;People v. Dorsey, 166 A.D.2d 180, 181, 560 N.Y.S.2d 296,lv. denied76 N.Y.2d 1020, 565 N.Y.S.2d 770, 566 N.E.2d 1175,reconsideration denied77 N.Y.2d 877, 568 N.Y.S.2d 920, 571 N.E.2d 90). Indeed, in Cade, the Court of Appeals noted that there are reasons, other than a prosecutor's belief that the evidence before the grand jury was inadequate or that dismissal was likely, “why a prosecutor or a [g]rand [j]ury would choose to reopen the evidence. The prosecutor might, for example, supplement the evidence to bring additional or higher charges” (74 N.Y.2d at 417, 548 N.Y.S.2d 137, 547 N.E.2d 339 [emphasis added] ). Moreover, unlike the procedure that was in any event approved in Cade, here the prosecutor never requested that the grand jury reconsider the lower charge of assault in the second degree in light of the additional evidence ( cf. id. at 413–414, 548 N.Y.S.2d 137, 547 N.E.2d 339). Thus, inasmuch as there was no second presentment of that charge, the grand jury was not required to vacate its prior vote. We therefore conclude that the integrity of the grand jury was not impaired ( see Shol, 100 A.D.3d at 1462, 953 N.Y.S.2d 778). In view of our conclusion, we do not address the issue whether defendant was prejudiced by the procedure employed here.
It is hereby ORDERED that the order insofar as appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law, that part of the omnibus motion seeking to dismiss the count of assault in the first degree is denied, that count of the indictment is reinstated, and the matter is remitted to Onondaga County Court for further proceedings on the indictment.