Opinion
01-24-2024
The PEOPLE, etc., respondent, v. Juan Carlos GOMEZ, appellant.
Sabato Caponi, Bohemia, NY, for appellant. Raymond A. Tierney, Riverhead, NY (Shiry Gaash and Glenn Green of counsel), for respondent.
Sabato Caponi, Bohemia, NY, for appellant.
Raymond A. Tierney, Riverhead, NY (Shiry Gaash and Glenn Green of counsel), for respondent.
COLLEEN D. DUFFY, J.P., PAUL WOOTEN, LARA J. GENOVESI, HELEN VOUTSINAS, JJ.
DECISION & ORDER
Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the County Court, Suffolk County (Timothy P. Mazzei, J.), rendered May 23, 2018, convicting him of robbery in the second degree (seven counts), upon a jury verdict, and sentencing him to concurrent determinate terms of imprisonment of 5 years for counts 1 and 5, to be followed by a period of postrelease supervision of 2 years, to run consecutively with concurrent determinate terms of imprisonment of 15 years for counts 2, 3, 6, and 7, to be followed by a period of postrelease supervision of 5 years, and to run consecutively with a determinate term of imprisonment of 5 years for count 8, to be followed by a period of postrelease supervision of 2 years.
ORDERED that the judgment is modified, as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice, by providing that all of the sentences imposed shall run concurrently with each other; as so modified, the judgment is affirmed.
The defendant was convicted, after a jury trial, of seven counts of robbery in the second degree arising out of robberies committed at three small, family-owned businesses in Suffolk County.
[1, 2] Contrary to the defendant’s contention, the County Court did not err in declining his request for a missing witness charge regarding the People’s failure to call the lead detective for one of the robberies. "[A] missing witness charge is warranted for a party’s failure to produce a witness, under its control, where the witness’s testimony would have been material and noncumulative of other testimony or evidence" (People v. Leftenant, 173 A.D.3d 1211, 1212, 104 N.Y.S.3d 162). The party seeking the missing witness charge must sustain an initial burden of showing that the opposing party has failed to call a witness who could be expected to have knowledge regarding a material issue in the case and to provide testimony favorable to the opposing party (see People v. Edwards, 14 N.Y.3d 733, 735, 899 N.Y.S.2d 65, 925 N.E.2d 867).
[3, 4] The defendant’s application for a missing witness charge was untimely, as it was not made until after the close of evidence (see People v. Joseph, 161 A.D.3d 1105, 1105, 73 N.Y.S.3d 911). In any event, the defendant failed to show that the uncalled witness would provide noncumulative testimony (see People v. Williams, 195 A.D.3d 1050, 1051, 146 N.Y.S.3d 812), and defense counsel was permitted to comment during summation on the People’s failure to call the witness in question (see People v. Grant, 170 A.D.3d 888, 890, 96 N.Y.S.3d 104).
[5–7] The defendant’s contention that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel is without merit. Under the federal standard, the defendant must satis- fy a two-pronged test in order to establish that counsel was ineffective: (1) "that counsel’s representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness," and (2) "that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different" (Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674; see People v. Georgian, 38 A.D.3d 155, 160, 828 N.Y.S.2d 541). Under the New York standard, the first prong is identical to its federal counterpart, but the second prong is based on the fairness of the process as a whole rather than on the impact of counsel’s errors on the outcome of the case (see People v. Georgian, 38 A.D.3d at 160-161, 828 N.Y.S.2d 541). Under the state standard, counsel must provide meaningful representation (see People v. Benevento, 91 N.Y.2d 708, 712, 674 N.Y.S.2d 629, 697 N.E.2d 584), but "[a] single error may [constitute] ineffective assistance [if] the error is sufficiently egregious and prejudicial as to compromise [the] defendant’s right to a fair trial" (People v. Caban, 5 N.Y.3d 143, 152, 800 N.Y.S.2d 70, 833 N.E.2d 213; see People v. Cortez, 181 A.D.3d 820, 822, 122 N.Y.S.3d 115). "[I]t is incumbent on [the] defendant to demonstrate the absence of strategic or other legitimate explanations for counsel’s alleged shortcomings …. As long as the defense reflects a reasonable and legitimate strategy under the circumstances and evidence presented, even if unsuccessful, it will not fall to the level of ineffective assistance" (People v. Benevento, 91 N.Y.2d at 712–713, 674 N.Y.S.2d 629, 697 N.E.2d 584 [citations and internal quotation marks omitted]).
[8, 9] "The performance of counsel must be viewed without the benefit of hindsight and if counsel provided meaningful representation in the context of the evidence, the law, and the circumstances of the particular case, the constitutional requirement will have been met" (People v. Butler, 143 A.D.2d 140, 140–141, 531 N.Y.S.2d 596; see People v. Satterfield, 66 N.Y.2d 796, 798–799, 497 N.Y.S.2d 903, 488 N.E.2d 834). "[W]hen reviewing claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, care must be taken to avoid confusing true ineffectiveness with mere losing tactics" (People v. Butler, 143 A.D.2d at 140, 531 N.Y.S.2d 596).
[10] Contrary to the defendant’s contention, defense counsel was not ineffective in failing to request an accomplice charge pursuant to CPL 60.22 (see People v. Portions, 201 A.D.3d 820, 822, 160 N.Y.S.3d 103). The defendant failed to establish the absence of a strategic reason for defense counsel not requesting such a charge.
Likewise, defense counsel’s failure to request a jury charge regarding the voluntariness of the defendant’s statements to the police did not, under the circumstances, deprive the defendant of his right to effective assistance of counsel (see People v. Johnson, 81 A.D.3d 745, 745, 916 N.Y.S.2d 510).
Viewed in totality, the record reflects that defense counsel provided meaningful representation (see People v. Honghirun, 29 N.Y.3d 284, 289, 56 N.Y.S.3d 275, 78 N.E.3d 804; People v. Benevento, 91 N.Y.2d at 712, 674 N.Y.S.2d 629, 697 N.E.2d 584), and the defendant was not deprived of the effective assistance of counsel under the United States Constitution (see Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674).
The sentence imposed was excessive to the extent indicated herein (see People v. Suitte, 90 A.D.2d 80, 455 N.Y.S.2d 675).
DUFFY, J.P., WOOTEN, GENOVESI and VOUTSINAS, JJ., concur.