Opinion
03-25-2016
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Brandon L. GIBSON, Defendant–Appellant.
The Legal Aid Bureau of Buffalo, Inc., Buffalo (Deborah K. Jessey of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Frank A. Sedita, III, District Attorney, Buffalo (Nicholas T. Texido of Counsel), for Respondent.
The Legal Aid Bureau of Buffalo, Inc., Buffalo (Deborah K. Jessey of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant.
Frank A. Sedita, III, District Attorney, Buffalo (Nicholas T. Texido of Counsel), for Respondent.
Opinion
MEMORANDUM:
Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon a nonjury verdict of, inter alia, criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree (Penal Law § 265.03[3] ) and aggravated unlicensed operation of a motor vehicle in the third degree (Vehicle and Traffic Law § 511[1][a] ). Defendant contends that County Court erred in refusing to suppress his statement to the police and tangible evidence, i.e., a loaded firearm, seized from the passenger of his vehicle. We reject that contention. “Affording great deference to the court's resolution of credibility issues at the suppression hearing” (People v. Eron, 119 A.D.3d 1358, 1359, 989 N.Y.S.2d 559, lv. denied 24 N.Y.3d 1083, 1 N.Y.S.3d 10, 25 N.E.3d 347), we conclude that the record supports the court's finding that the police lawfully stopped defendant's vehicle for having an inadequate muffler in violation of Vehicle and Traffic Law § 375(31) (see People v. Estivarez, 122 A.D.3d 1292, 1292–1293, 995 N.Y.S.2d 426, lv. denied 26 N.Y.3d 967, 18 N.Y.S.3d 603, 40 N.E.3d 581; see generally People v. Wright, 98 N.Y.2d 657, 658–659, 746 N.Y.S.2d 273, 773 N.E.2d 1011). We also reject any challenge by defendant to the legality of the police search that resulted in the seizure of the firearm from the passenger. We conclude that defendant “ ‘lacks standing to challenge the search of [the passenger], since [defendant] was not the person against whom the search was directed[,] and he cannot complain that his constitutional privacy protections have been infringed as a result of [the search of the passenger]’ ” (People v. Hogue, 133 A.D.3d 1209, 1212, 19 N.Y.S.3d 640; see People v. Douglas, 23 A.D.3d 1151, 1152, 805 N.Y.S.2d 755, lv. denied 6 N.Y.3d 812, 812 N.Y.S.2d 451, 845 N.E.2d 1282; People v. Peterson, 245 A.D.2d 815, 817 n. 1, 666 N.Y.S.2d 785).
By making only a general motion for a trial order of dismissal, defendant failed to preserve for our review his contention that the trial evidence is legally insufficient to establish that he possessed the firearm (see People v. Gray, 86 N.Y.2d 10, 19, 629 N.Y.S.2d 173, 652 N.E.2d 919). In any event, that contention lacks merit (see People v. Hailey, 128 A.D.3d 1415, 1416, 7 N.Y.S.3d 808, lv. denied 26 N.Y.3d 929, 17 N.Y.S.3d 92, 38 N.E.3d 838; see generally People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672). Moreover, inasmuch as defendant's conviction is “ ‘supported by legally sufficient trial evidence, [his] challenges to ... the instructions given during [the grand jury] proceeding are precluded’ ” (People v. Cotton, 120 A.D.3d 1564, 1566, 993 N.Y.S.2d 225).
Viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes in this nonjury trial (see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1), we reject defendant's contention that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence (see generally Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d at 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672). Even assuming, arguendo, that a different verdict would not have been unreasonable (see Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d at 348, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1), we conclude that, “[b]ased on the weight of the credible evidence, the court ... was justified in finding ... defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt” (id.). Contrary to defendant's contention, the testimony of the passenger with respect to defendant's possession of the firearm “was not incredible as a matter of law, i.e., ‘impossible of belief because it [was] manifestly untrue, physically impossible, contrary to experience, or self-contradictory’ ” (Hailey, 128 A.D.3d at 1417, 7 N.Y.S.3d 808; see People v. Carr, 99 A.D.3d 1173, 1174, 952 N.Y.S.2d 342, lv. denied 20 N.Y.3d 1010, 960 N.Y.S.2d 353, 984 N.E.2d 328). We further conclude that, to the extent that the People's evidence included improper bolstering testimony, any error in admitting that testimony is harmless (see People v. Robinson, 21 A.D.3d 1413, 1414, 801 N.Y.S.2d 449, lv. denied 5 N.Y.3d 885, 808 N.Y.S.2d 587, 842 N.E.2d 485; see generally People v. Crimmins, 36 N.Y.2d 230, 241–242, 367 N.Y.S.2d 213, 326 N.E.2d 787). We reject defendant's further contention that he was denied meaningful representation (see generally People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147, 444 N.Y.S.2d 893, 429 N.E.2d 400).
Finally, although not raised by defendant, we note that the sentence imposed on count two of the indictment, i.e., a six-month definite term of imprisonment for the charge of aggravated unlicensed operation of a motor vehicle in the third degree, an unclassified misdemeanor, is illegal (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 511[1][b]; see also Penal Law § 70.15[3] ). Inasmuch as we cannot allow an illegal sentence to stand (see People v. Daniels, 125 A.D.3d 1432, 1433, 3 N.Y.S.3d 543, lv. denied 25 N.Y.3d 1071, 12 N.Y.S.3d 622, 34 N.E.3d 373, reconsideration denied 26 N.Y.3d 928, 17 N.Y.S.3d 90, 38 N.E.3d 836), in the interest of judicial economy, we exercise our inherent authority to correct the illegal sentence (see id.). We therefore modify the judgment by vacating the sentence imposed on count two of the indictment and imposing a definite sentence of 30 days of imprisonment on that count, to run concurrently with the sentences imposed on the remaining counts (see People v. Brown, 132 A.D.3d 1274, 1275, 17 N.Y.S.3d 362; Daniels, 125 A.D.3d at 1433, 3 N.Y.S.3d 543).
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously modified on the law by vacating the sentence imposed on count two of the indictment and imposing a definite sentence of 30 days of imprisonment on that count, to run concurrently with the sentences imposed on the remaining counts, and as modified the judgment is affirmed.