Summary
stating that MCL 750.10 provides that the Michigan Penal Code "applies to both men and women"
Summary of this case from People v. RogersOpinion
Docket No. 128647.
Decided April 16, 1991, at 9:10 A.M.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Gay Secor Hardy, Solicitor General, Richard Thompson, Prosecuting Attorney, Michael J. Modelski, Chief, Appellate Division, and Janice A. Kabodian, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Madelaine P. Lyda, for the defendant on appeal.
Defendant pled guilty of one count of failing to pay child support and of leaving the state, MCL 750.165; MSA 28.362. On April 26, 1990, defendant was sentenced to one year in the Oakland County Jail with the provision that he be released upon payment of $37,000 in child support payments. On appeal, defendant alleges that the felony nonsupport statute is unconstitutional and that it violates his equal protection rights and the right to travel. We disagree and affirm.
Initially, we note that defendant has not properly preserved this issue for appeal by failing to raise the issue at the trial court level. People v Ditton, 78 Mich. App. 610, 612; 261 N.W.2d 182 (1977). However, because of the serious due process implications of conviction under a constitutionally invalid statute, we hold that defendant's failure to raise the issue below does not preclude appellate review. People v Gilliam, 108 Mich. App. 695, 698; 310 N.W.2d 843 (1981).
Regarding defendant's claim that the statute abridges his constitutional guarantee of equal protection, we hold that the felony nonsupport statute applies equally to males and females and is not violative of equal protection. Defendant alleges that the statute violates the Equal Protection Clause in that, by its language, it applies only to "husbands" and "fathers." We disagree. Provisions under the Penal Code are controlled by MCL 750.10; MSA 28.200, which provides that the masculine gender includes the feminine gender as used in the Penal Code. On the basis of this statute and this Court's preference to construe statutes as constitutional, we hold that the felony nonsupport statute applies to both men and women. Gilliam, supra at 698-702. In so holding, we follow this Court's decision in Gilliam and decline to follow this Court's decision in People v Lewis, 107 Mich. App. 277; 309 N.W.2d 234 (1981), which held that the felony nonsupport statute is unconstitutional on equal protection grounds. We note that the Lewis Court failed to consider the effect of MCL 750.10; MSA 28.200 on the constitutionality of the felony nonsupport statute.
Defendant also claims that the felony nonsupport statute is unconstitutional in that it restricts his right to travel. A statutory classification which is based on the exercise of the right to travel between states must be justified by compelling state interests. Id. at 282; Memorial Hosp v Maricopa Co, 415 U.S. 250, 258; 94 S Ct 1076; 39 L Ed 2d 306 (1974). The felony nonsupport statute punishes a refusal to pay or a neglect of the duty to do so which occurred contemporaneously with or before a defendant's leaving the state. Gilliam, supra at 703-704. The focus of the statute is on the defendant's failure to pay support. The imposition of punishment for parents who leave the state after refusing to pay support is to ensure compliance with child support obligations. This statute prohibits a parent from avoiding his obligations to his child by leaving the state. We hold that this is a compelling state interest sufficient to justify any restriction of defendant's right to travel.
Affirmed.