Opinion
519374
2015-06-11
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Joseph GALLAGHER, Appellant.
Garry, Egan Jr. and Lynch, JJ., concur.
Linda M. Campbell, Syracuse, for appellant. William G. Gabor, District Attorney, Wampsville (Elizabeth S. Healy of counsel), for respondent.
Before: PETERS, P.J., GARRY, EGAN JR. and LYNCH, JJ.
PETERS, P.J.
Appeal from an order of the County Court of Madison County (McDermott, J.), entered March 3, 2014, which classified defendant as a risk level III sex offender pursuant to the Sex Offender Registration Act.
In 1994, defendant was convicted following a jury trial of sodomy in the third degree. He was thereafter sentenced as a second felony offender to an aggregate prison term of 2 to 4 years, to run consecutively with a 4 to 8–year sentence imposed upon his 1993 conviction of two counts of sodomy in the third degree. In anticipation of his release from prison in 2002, a hearing was held pursuant to the Sex Offender Registration Act ( see Correction Law art. 6–C) to determine defendant's risk level with regard to his 1993 conviction; no such hearing was held at the time with regard to defendant's 1994 conviction. Following the hearing, defendant was classified as a risk level III sex offender and was conditionally released on parole shortly thereafter. In 2005, defendant's parole was revoked upon his convictions of various non-sex crimes, and he was again sentenced to a term of imprisonment.
Prior to his release from prison in 2014, the Board of Examiners of Sex Offenders learned that a risk level determination was never undertaken with regard to defendant's 1994 sodomy conviction and, accordingly, prepared a risk assessment instrument regarding that crime. Although the 100 points assessed therein classified defendant as a risk level II sex offender, the Board noted that his prior felony conviction for a sex offense constituted an override factor presumptively subjecting him to a risk level III classification. Defendant moved to dismiss the instant risk level classification proceeding on the ground that the more than 11–year delay in rendering a risk level determination on the 1994 conviction would operate to violate his right to due process. Following a hearing, County Court issued a written order adopting the People's recommendation and classifying defendant as a risk level III sex offender with regard to the 1994 conviction. Defendant appeals.
Defendant was not denied his right to due process as a result of the delay between his conditional release in 2002 and the 2014 classification proceeding relating to his 1994 conviction. “It is well settled that SORA is regulatory rather than criminal in nature and is not intended to serve as a form of punishment” ( People v. Wilkes, 53 A.D.3d 1073, 1074, 862 N.Y.S.2d 232 [2008], lv. denied11 N.Y.3d 710, 872 N.Y.S.2d 72, 900 N.E.2d 555 [2008] [citation omitted]; see People v. Gravino, 14 N.Y.3d 546, 556–557, 902 N.Y.S.2d 851, 928 N.E.2d 1048 [2010]; People v. Stevens, 91 N.Y.2d 270, 275, 669 N.Y.S.2d 962, 692 N.E.2d 985 [1998] ). As such, “the due process protections required for a risk level classification proceeding are not as extensive as those required in a plenary criminal or civil trial” ( Doe v. Pataki, 3 F.Supp.2d 456, 470 [1998] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; accord People v. Akinpelu, 126 A.D.3d 1451, 1452, 6 N.Y.S.3d 347 [2015]; People v. Gutierrez–Lucero, 103 A.D.3d 89, 98, 956 N.Y.S.2d 131 [2012], lv. dismissed 20 N.Y.3d 1094, 965 N.Y.S.2d 79, 987 N.E.2d 641 [2013] ). Notably, while Correction Law article 6–C requires that the Board make a risk level classification recommendation to the sentencing court and that the court, in turn, render a risk level determination within a specified time prior to the sex offender's discharge or release ( seeCorrection Law §§ 168–l[6]; 168–n[2] ), the Legislature has directed that the failure to do so within the time periods specified “shall not ... prevent a court from making a determination regarding the sex offender's level of notification and whether such offender is required by law to be registered” (Correction Law § 168–l [8] ). Considering that defendant was already under a life-long obligation to register as a risk level III sex offender as a result of the 2002 risk level classification, as well as the fact that he was reincarcerated for the majority of the 11–year hiatus in rendering the instant risk level determination, we are unable to conclude that the delay was “ ‘so outrageously arbitrary as to constitute a gross abuse of governmental authority’ ” ( People v. Wilkes, 53 A.D.3d at 1074, 862 N.Y.S.2d 232, quoting People v. Meyers, 16 Misc.3d 115, 118, 842 N.Y.S.2d 682 [2007]; see People v. Martin, 119 A.D.3d 1385, 1385, 989 N.Y.S.2d 226 [2014], lv. denied 24 N.Y.3d 906, 2014 WL 5368760 [2014]; compare People v. Gregory, 71 A.D.3d 1559, 1560, 897 N.Y.S.2d 665 [2010] ).
Nor are we persuaded that County Court erred in imposing 15 points under risk factor 11 for drug or alcohol abuse. An assessment of points under that factor is permissible “if an offender has a substance abuse history or was abusing drugs and/or alcohol at the time of the offense” (Sex Offender Registration Act: Risk Assessment Guidelines and Commentary at 15 [2006]; see People v. Harp, 127 A.D.3d 1529, 1530, 7 N.Y.S.3d 717 [2015] ). Defendant's admissions that he consumed alcohol to self-medicate and experienced blackouts from excessive alcohol use, revealed in the case summary, constitute the requisite clear and convincing evidence to support the assessment of points under this category ( see People v. Harp, 127 A.D.3d at 1530, 7 N.Y.S.3d 717; People v. Rhodehouse, 77 A.D.3d 1032, 1033, 908 N.Y.S.2d 769 [2010], lv. denied 16 N.Y.3d 701, 2011 WL 32505 [2011]; People v. Swain, 46 A.D.3d 1157, 1158–1159, 848 N.Y.S.2d 726 [2007]; People v. Whaley, 38 A.D.3d 1106, 1107, 833 N.Y.S.2d 673 [2007] ). Finally, defendant's contention that he was improperly assigned points under risk factor 10 for recency of prior offense was not preserved for our review ( see people v. pace, 121 A.D.3d 1315, 1316, 995 N.Y.S.2d 296 [2014], lv. denied 24 N.Y.3d 914 [2015]; People v. Beames, 71 A.D.3d 1300, 1301, 896 N.Y.S.2d 530 [2010]; People v. Coleman, 45 A.D.3d 1118, 1118, 846 N.Y.S.2d 460 [2007], lv. denied 10 N.Y.3d 705, 857 N.Y.S.2d 38, 886 N.E.2d 803 [2008] ). In any event, even were we to accept his challenges to the 25 points assigned for both of these risk factors, defendant would still remain a presumptive risk level II sex offender subject to the presumptive override to a risk level III classification.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed, without costs.