Opinion
December 23, 1994
Appeal from the Niagara County Court, Hannigan, J.
Present — Denman, P.J., Green, Balio, Callahan and Boehm, JJ.
Judgment unanimously reversed on the law and new trial granted. Memorandum: County Court erred in denying defendant his constitutional right to represent himself without conducting a thorough inquiry to determine whether there was a knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to counsel (see, US Const 6th, 14th Amends; N Y Const, art I, § 6; Faretta v California, 422 U.S. 806, 835-836; People v McIntyre, 36 N.Y.2d 10, 14-15). When the right to proceed pro se is timely interposed, the court should conduct a "thorough inquiry" to determine whether the waiver is made intelligently and voluntarily (People v Smith, 68 N.Y.2d 737, 738, cert denied 479 U.S. 953, citing People v McIntyre, supra, at 17). Although the court perceived defendant's legal skills to be lacking and therefore denied the motion for the defendant's own protection, lack of knowledge of legal principles and rules of law is not a proper ground (see, People v Ryan, 82 N.Y.2d 497, 507-508).
The court also erred in permitting the jury to have access to a dictionary during deliberations. Although defendant and his attorney consented to the jury's request for a dictionary, the law circumscribes what may properly be furnished to a deliberating jury (see, CPL 310.20; People v Moore, 71 N.Y.2d 684, 689; People v Sanders, 70 N.Y.2d 837; People v Brooks, 70 N.Y.2d 896; People v Owens, 69 N.Y.2d 585). The danger and prejudice inherent in allowing a jury access to a dictionary is obvious.
By failing to challenge the adequacy of the indictment, defendant failed to preserve that issue for review (see, People v Page, 166 A.D.2d 886, 887, lv denied 77 N.Y.2d 842).
We have reviewed defendant's remaining contentions and conclude that they are without merit.