Opinion
2012-04-20
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Devon CAPERS, Defendant–Appellant.
Timothy P. Donaher, Public Defender, Rochester (David R. Juergens of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Sandra Doorley, District Attorney, Rochester (Geoffrey Kaeuper of Counsel), for Respondent.
Timothy P. Donaher, Public Defender, Rochester (David R. Juergens of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Sandra Doorley, District Attorney, Rochester (Geoffrey Kaeuper of Counsel), for Respondent.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., FAHEY, PERADOTTO, AND LINDLEY, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of, inter alia, two counts each of burglary in the first degree (Penal Law § 140.30[3] ) and criminal sexual act in the first degree (§ 130.50[1] ). As the People correctly concede, County Court erred in permitting a police investigator to testify that defendant refused to answer certain questions and that the interview was thereafter terminated. That testimony implied that defendant had stopped answering the investigator's questions and had invoked his right to remain silent. “Neither a defendant's silence [nor his or her] invocation of the right against self-incrimination during police interrogation can be used against him [or her] on the People's direct case” ( People v. Whitley, 78 A.D.3d 1084, 1085, 912 N.Y.S.2d 257). We nevertheless conclude, “in light of the evidence presented, ... that any such error[ is] ‘harmless beyond a reasonable doubt’ inasmuch as there is ‘no reasonable possibility that the error[ ] might have contributed to defendant's conviction’ ” ( People v. Murphy, 79 A.D.3d 1451, 1453, 913 N.Y.S.2d 815, lv. denied 16 N.Y.3d 862, 923 N.Y.S.2d 424, 947 N.E.2d 1203, quoting People v. Crimmins, 36 N.Y.2d 230, 237, 367 N.Y.S.2d 213, 326 N.E.2d 787; see People v. Kithcart, 85 A.D.3d 1558, 1559–1560, 925 N.Y.S.2d 280, lv. denied 17 N.Y.3d 818, 929 N.Y.S.2d 807, 954 N.E.2d 98).
“[D]efendant's contentions that the testimony of a [police] detective recounting the description of the perpetrator given by a witness constituted improper bolstering and inadmissible hearsay ... are unpreserved for [our] review[because] the defendant did not object to the testimony on those grounds” ( People v. Walker, 70 A.D.3d 870, 871, 894 N.Y.S.2d 156, lv. denied 14 N.Y.3d 894, 903 N.Y.S.2d 782, 929 N.E.2d 1017; see People v. Everson, 100 N.Y.2d 609, 610, 767 N.Y.S.2d 389, 799 N.E.2d 613; People v. Tevaha, 84 N.Y.2d 879, 880–881, 620 N.Y.S.2d 786, 644 N.E.2d 1342). In any event, that contention is without merit. The People were entitled “to provide background information [concerning] how and why the police pursued and confronted defendant” ( People v. Tosca, 98 N.Y.2d 660, 661, 746 N.Y.S.2d 276, 773 N.E.2d 1014).
Contrary to defendant's further contention, the court properly concluded that the showup identification procedure was not unduly suggestive. Showup identification procedures are permitted where, as here, they are “reasonable under the circumstances—that is, when conducted in close geographic and temporal proximity to the crime—and the procedure used was not unduly suggestive” ( People v. Brisco, 99 N.Y.2d 596, 597, 758 N.Y.S.2d 262, 788 N.E.2d 611). “Here, the showup identification procedure took place at the scene of the crime, within 90 minutes of the commission of the crime and in the course of a continuous, ongoing investigation” ( People v. Woodard, 83 A.D.3d 1440, 1441, 919 N.Y.S.2d 718, lv. denied 17 N.Y.3d 803, 929 N.Y.S.2d 111, 952 N.E.2d 1106; see People v. Harris, 57 A.D.3d 1427, 1428, 870 N.Y.S.2d 184, lv. denied 12 N.Y.3d 817, 881 N.Y.S.2d 24, 908 N.E.2d 932).
We have considered defendant's remaining contentions and conclude that they are without merit.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.