Opinion
10790 Ind. 1951/13
01-16-2020
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Alphonso CAGAN, Defendant–Appellant.
Christina Swarns, Office of The Appellate Defender, New York (Stephen R. Strother of counsel), for appellant. Darcel D. Clark, District Attorney, Bronx (David A. Slott of counsel), for respondent.
Christina Swarns, Office of The Appellate Defender, New York (Stephen R. Strother of counsel), for appellant.
Darcel D. Clark, District Attorney, Bronx (David A. Slott of counsel), for respondent.
Friedman, J.P., Richter, Kern, Singh, JJ.
Judgment, Supreme Court, Bronx County (Judith Lieb, J.), rendered March 13, 2015, convicting defendant, after a nonjury trial, of attempted murder in the second degree, attempted assault in the first degree, and two counts of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree, and sentencing him to an aggregate term of 20 years, unanimously affirmed.
The record does not cast doubt on defendant's competency to stand trial, and the court was not obligated, sua sponte, to order a CPL article 730 examination (see generally Pate v. Robinson, 383 U.S. 375, 86 S.Ct. 836, 15 L.Ed.2d 815 [1966] ; People v. Tortorici, 92 N.Y.2d 757, 686 N.Y.S.2d 346, 709 N.E.2d 87 [1999], cert denied 528 U.S. 834, 120 S.Ct. 94, 145 L.Ed.2d 80 [1999] ; People v. Morgan, 87 N.Y.2d 878, 638 N.Y.S.2d 942, 662 N.E.2d 260 [1995] ). Notwithstanding defendant's obstreperousness with the court, contentiousness with counsel, and "strange notions" about his case, "there was no indication that defendant was unable to understand the proceedings and assist in his defense" ( People v. Jackson, 39 A.D.3d 394, 394, 835 N.Y.S.2d 77 [1st Dept. 2007], lv. denied 9 N.Y.3d 845, 840 N.Y.S.2d 772, 872 N.E.2d 885 [2007], cert denied 553 U.S. 1011, 128 S.Ct. 2068, 170 L.Ed.2d 805 [2008] ).
Similarly, the record does not suggest that defendant had a mental condition that would affect his ability to waive counsel and proceed pro se (see People v. Stone, 22 N.Y.3d 520, 527–529, 983 N.Y.S.2d 454, 6 N.E.3d 572 [2014] ). Accordingly, after conducting an appropriate colloquy, the court properly permitted defendant to represent himself for a portion of the trial.
The court, sitting as trier of fact, properly declined to draw a missing witness inference with regard to the shooting victim, who, by the time of trial, was no longer cooperating with the prosecution and was clearly avoiding the prosecution's reasonably diligent, but unsuccessful efforts to locate him (see People v. Gonzalez, 68 N.Y.2d 424, 427, 509 N.Y.S.2d 796, 502 N.E.2d 583 [1986] ; People v. Henriquez, 147 A.D.3d 706, 707, 48 N.Y.S.3d 142 [1st Dept 2017], lv denied 29 N.Y.3d 1080, 64 N.Y.S.3d 170, 86 N.E.3d 257[2017] ). Under all the circumstances, including the fact that the People sought to bring in the victim by way of a material witness order, there would have been no logical reason to draw an adverse inference.
The court also properly declined to draw an adverse inference from the deletion of a 911 tape regarding the crime, and defendant's argument under Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 [1963] ) is unavailing. Defendant asserts, based on a speculative inference from another police transmission, that the call described the assailant in this case as 20–year–old man, younger than the 46–year–old defendant. However, this is not reflected in the Sprint report for the deleted call.
In any event, there is no reasonable possibility that the court's verdict would have been different if it had chosen to draw either or both of the adverse inferences at issue on appeal.
We perceive no basis for reducing the sentence.