Opinion
March 30, 1998
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Queens County (McDonald, J.).
Ordered that the judgment and the amended judgment are affirmed.
Contrary to the defendant's contention, the record reveals that she voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently waived her right to be present during sidebar conferences with prospective jurors ( see, People v. Antommarchi, 80 N.Y.2d 247). Indeed, before the start of the voir dire, the defense counsel, in the presence of the defendant, told the court that the defendant waived her right to be present during the sidebar interviews ( see, People v. Ming Yuen, 222 A.D.2d 613; People v. Stokes, 216 A.D.2d 337).
We also reject the defendant's claim that the trial court improperly closed the courtroom during the testimony of two undercover police officers. At a hearing conducted pursuant to People v. Hinton ( 31 N.Y.2d 71, cert. denied 410 U.S. 911), both undercover officers testified that (1) they had several ongoing investigations in the area of the defendant's arrest, (2) they had been in that neighborhood two days before the Hinton hearing and expected to return to the vicinity the following week, (3) they were constantly threatened with physical violence, and (4) their lives would be in jeopardy if their identities became known. Under these circumstances, we find that the factual showing was sufficient to support closing the courtroom ( see, People v. Ramos, 90 N.Y.2d 490, cert. denied sub nom. Ayala v. New York, ___ US ___, 118 S.Ct. 574; People v. Cebeda, 211 A.D.2d 729; People v. Jamison, 203 A.D.2d 385).
The Supreme Court also properly denied the defendant's motion to preclude the identification testimony of the undercover officer who functioned as the so-called "ghost" in this buy-and-bust operation. The "ghost" was a trained undercover officer who observed the defendant during the drug transaction, knowing that the defendant would shortly be arrested. Moreover, his post-arrest viewing of the defendant "occurred at a place and time sufficiently connected and contemporaneous to the arrest itself as to constitute the ordinary and proper completion of an integral police procedure" ( People v. Wharton, 74 N.Y.2d 921, 922-923). Accordingly, the same factors which obviated the need for a pretrial notice of identification with regard to the undercover officer who purchased narcotics in People v. Wharton (supra) are equally applicable to the identification by the "ghost" officer in this case, and the defendant was not entitled to notice pursuant to CPL 710.30.
The defendant's sentences were not excessive ( see, People v. Suitte, 90 A.D.2d 80).
In view of the affirmance of the judgment, we discern no basis for disturbing the amended judgment relating to the defendant's violation of probation.
Rosenblatt, J. P., Ritter, Sullivan and Goldstein, JJ., concur.