Opinion
2017–02467 Ind. No. 6559/15
11-10-2021
The PEOPLE, etc., respondent, v. Keith BRANNON, appellant.
Patricia Pazner, New York, NY (Joshua M. Levine of counsel), for appellant. Eric Gonzalez, District Attorney, Brooklyn, NY (Leonard Joblove and Sholom J. Twersky of counsel), for respondent.
Patricia Pazner, New York, NY (Joshua M. Levine of counsel), for appellant.
Eric Gonzalez, District Attorney, Brooklyn, NY (Leonard Joblove and Sholom J. Twersky of counsel), for respondent.
SYLVIA O. HINDS–RADIX, J.P., COLLEEN D. DUFFY, BETSY BARROS, LINDA CHRISTOPHER, JJ.
DECISION & ORDER
Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Neil J. Firetog, J.), rendered February 6, 2017, convicting him of murder in the first degree and criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree, upon a jury verdict, and imposing sentence.
ORDERED that the judgment is reversed, on the law, and the matter is remitted to the Supreme Court, Kings County, for a new trial.
A trial court may "make an advance ruling as to the use by the prosecutor of prior convictions or proof of the prior commission of specific criminal, vicious or immoral acts for the purpose of impeaching a defendant's credibility" ( People v. Sandoval, 34 N.Y.2d 371, 374, 357 N.Y.S.2d 849, 314 N.E.2d 413 ). "[A] balance must here be struck between the probative worth of evidence of prior specific criminal, vicious or immoral acts on the issue of the defendant's credibility on the one hand, and on the other the risk of unfair prejudice to the defendant, measured both by the impact of such evidence if it is admitted after his testimony and by the effect its probable introduction may have in discouraging him [or her] from taking the stand on his [or her] own behalf" and thereby denying the jury significant material evidence ( id. at 375, 357 N.Y.S.2d 849, 314 N.E.2d 413 ). These considerations "simply do not apply to a witness who is not a defendant, and cross-examination of such a witness should therefore be permitted with respect to any immoral, vicious or criminal act committed by him [or her] which may reflect upon his [or her] character and show him [or her] to be unworthy of belief" ( People v. Batista, 113 A.D.2d 890, 891, 493 N.Y.S.2d 608 [citations omitted]; see People v. Ocasio, 47 N.Y.2d 55, 58, 416 N.Y.S.2d 581, 389 N.E.2d 1101 ; People v. Brown, 84 A.D.2d 819, 820, 444 N.Y.S.2d 121 ).
Here, the Supreme Court failed to engage in the appropriate balancing between the probative worth of the convictions on the issue of the defendant's credibility against the possible prejudice to the defendant (see People v. Williams, 56 N.Y.2d 236, 239–240, 451 N.Y.S.2d 690, 436 N.E.2d 1292 ; People v. Sandoval, 34 N.Y.2d at 376, 357 N.Y.S.2d 849, 314 N.E.2d 413 ; People v. Mitchell, 209 A.D.2d 443, 444, 618 N.Y.S.2d 458 ), and, instead, improperly conditioned its Sandoval ruling on whether defense counsel would impeach the People's witnesses with their criminal histories. The court stated that it was "only fair" that the People be able to cross-examine the defendant on his criminal history if the defendant could cross-examine the People's witnesses on their criminal histories, and then stated that such was part of "the balancing act." Further, the court suggested that it might change its ruling if the People's witnesses who did not have criminal histories did not testify. Whether the defendant impeaches the credibility of the People's witnesses during cross-examination based upon those witnesses’ criminal histories, or whether the People's witnesses testify, are not relevant factors to consider in making a Sandoval ruling (see People v. Sandoval, 34 N.Y.2d at 375–377, 357 N.Y.S.2d 849, 314 N.E.2d 413 ; People v. Brown, 84 A.D.2d at 820, 444 N.Y.S.2d 121 ).
The Supreme Court's error was not harmless (see People v. Crimmins, 36 N.Y.2d 230, 367 N.Y.S.2d 213, 326 N.E.2d 787 ).
Contrary to the People's contention, the defendant preserved his Sandoval argument for appellate review, as he registered a protest to the Supreme Court's ruling on the same ground that he now raises on appeal (see CPL 470.05[2] ). The defendant was not required to object to the ruling again when a prosecution witness with a criminal history subsequently testified (see id.; People v. Mezon, 80 N.Y.2d 155, 161, 589 N.Y.S.2d 838, 603 N.E.2d 943 ).
Accordingly, we reverse the judgment and remit the matter for a new trial.
In light of the foregoing, we need not reach the defendant's remaining contentions.
HINDS–RADIX, J.P., DUFFY, BARROS and CHRISTOPHER, JJ., concur.