Summary
In People v. Bodley, 38 Mich.App. 27, 195 N.W.2d 803 (1972), the district court did not define premeditation but instructed the jury that in order to find the defendant guilty, it must find that the killing was done with " 'deliberation, premeditation, and malice.' "
Summary of this case from State v. PattonOpinion
Docket No. 11186.
Decided January 21, 1972. Leave to appeal denied, 387 Mich. 777.
Appeal from Recorder's Court of Detroit, Frank G. Schemanske, J. Submitted Division 1 October 7, 1971, at Detroit. (Docket No. 11186.) Decided January 21, 1972. Leave to appeal denied, 387 Mich. 777.
Isaac Bodley was convicted of first-degree murder. Defendant appeals. Affirmed.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, William L. Cahalan, Prosecuting Attorney, Dominick R. Carnovale, Chief, Appellate Department, and Thomas P. Smith, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Bernard A. Friedman, for defendant on appeal.
Defendant was convicted by a jury of first-degree murder. MCLA § 750.316 (Stat Ann 1971 Cum Supp § 28.548). He appeals of right. We recite the facts.
The whole unfortunate episode arises from a series of neighborhood quarrels between children of the Bodley and Ratcliff families. It appears that Michael Ratcliff, an 11-year-old brother of the deceased, and Diane Bodley, the 12-year-old daughter of the defendant, had a fight. Michael allegedly kicked defendant's daughter in the eye and struck Mrs. Bodley breaking her eyeglasses. Both were taken to the hospital.
Upon arriving home, defendant learned of the foregoing events. He rushed to the hospital. Upon arrival he saw his daughter on a stretcher and his wife emotionally distraught. Mrs. Bodley requested that her husband bring certain clothing needed by their daughter. Instead defendant returned home, obtained a shotgun, and walked to the adjacent Ratcliff home. There he saw Robert Fitzgerald (fiance of the deceased) and Lorraine Ratcliff, the older sister of Michael. They were standing on the porch. Lorraine was behind a screen door. The shotgun discharged, killing Lorraine and wounding Fitzgerald.
Two witnesses saw the shooting. Fitzgerald testified that defendant raised the gun and purposely shot it. Defendant claimed he brought the gun for protection; that he was fearful of the large number of teenagers who hung around the Ratcliff household. He further claimed he did not determine whether the gun was loaded. He asserted that the shooting was accidental and occurred as he set the weapon on a step leading up to the Ratcliff home. An uninvolved witness testified that the shooting followed a heated discussion of some five to ten minutes between defendant and the deceased. She further testified that she did not see defendant aim it at the deceased.
After the fatal shot was fired, the defendant, according to the testimony of a number of witnesses, entered the house still carrying the weapon. He was heard by one witness to say he was "tired of all this", apparently referring to the continuing altercations between the families. He was also heard to say, I'll kill all the sons-of-bitches in here * * * and go to jail". After the killing, he threatened the deceased's mother and she was heard to beg for her life because she had other children to raise.
The case was submitted to the jury on the charge of first-degree murder and all the lesser included offenses.
It is not claimed that the trial court did not properly define all the other offenses correctly. The infirmity claimed is the insufficiency of the charge as to the elements of first-degree murder, especially a definition or explanation of the terms "premeditation" and "deliberation".
At the outset, we are obligated to distinguish this case from People v. Morrin, 31 Mich. App. 301 (1971). The critical language in Morrin is found on page 336. We quote:
"Having determined that the trial judge erred only in submitting the issue of first-degree murder to the jury, we turn to the disposition of this case." (Emphasis supplied.)
Such is not the case here, nor does defendant claim it to be. There was sufficient testimony adduced to carry the question of guilt of murder in the first degree to the jury. Hence, Morrin is not controlling here.
We address ourselves now to the stated questions. The first is thus phrased: "Must the court instruct on all the elements of the crime?" Of course, the trial court is obligated so to do. The real question, however, is not whether the trial court must do so, the question is, "did he?"
The second stated question also contains its own answer. We quote: "Was the failure to instruct as to premeditation prejudicial to the defendant?" If there were, in fact, a failure to instruct as to premeditation in a first-degree murder charge, it would obviously be prejudicial to the defendant.
The question presented is: Did the trial judge adequately and sufficiently define the elements of murder in the first degree, where the charged killing was not committed in the perpetration of or attempt to perpetrate one of the statutorily enumerated major felonies?
It is fundamental, axiomatic, and settled beyond peradventure of discussion that the distinction between first-degree murder, as charged in this case, and second-degree murder is premeditation. Deliberation is only another way of saying the same thing. We choose to use premeditation as encompassing deliberation. Useless synonyms don't clarify — they only confuse.
This is what the trial judge had to say about the foregoing triune verbal concept of premeditation.
"The principle points to be discussed in this case are the felonious homicides, the homicides which are punishable, and they are murder in the first degree, murder in the second degree and voluntary manslaughter.
"Now we will therefore take up the first, the elements of the crime of murder in the first degree.
"A portion of the definition of the Statute which I read to you would not apply to any of the claimed facts in this case, because the killing was not done in the perpetration of one of the four major felonies: robbery, arson, rape or burglary. Therefore, the only portion of our Statute which defines murder in the first degree which applies here is where the killing is claimed to have been done with deliberation, premeditation, and malice." (Emphasis supplied.)
The only other reference to premeditation was:
"Now again, to recapitulate, in murder in the first degree, it is necessary that there be deliberation, premeditation, and malice."
Except as to this precise point, the court's charge evokes no criticism. So the question really gets down to whether or not, in the case at bar, the jury was sufficiently instructed as to the elements of first-degree murder when the trial judge said premeditation was an essential ingredient — was he required to explain the term further?
Morrin, supra, in what must be considered dicta, recommends further explanation.
We hold the instruction was legally sufficient. This is not to say that we do not encourage the trial bench, whether requested or not, to expand upon the everyday meaning of "premeditation." In the technical sense, the claimed error, if any, was not preserved. There was no objection to the charge. The issue cannot first be raised on review. People v. McClure, 29 Mich. App. 361 (1971).
More important to us, however, is the overriding question: Was there a miscarriage of justice? This is crucial because by statute we are admonished that:
"No judgment or verdict shall be set aside or reversed or a new trial granted by any court of this state in any criminal case, on the ground of misdirection of the jury * * * unless * * * it shall affirmatively appear that the error complained of has resulted in a miscarriage of justice." MCLA 769.26; MSA 28.1096. (Emphasis supplied.)
We find no miscarriage of justice. We have read the record with extreme care. We are not convinced that had the charge been more expansive as to the element of premeditation a different result would have been reached by the jury. The total record supports the verdict. The question was properly one of fact for the jury. We do not interfere.
Affirmed.
All concurred.