Opinion
106259.
03-24-2016
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Cory BANKS, Appellant.
David E. Woodin, Catskill, for appellant, and appellant pro se. James R. Farrell, District Attorney, Monticello (Meagan K. Galligan of counsel), for respondent.
David E. Woodin, Catskill, for appellant, and appellant pro se.
James R. Farrell, District Attorney, Monticello (Meagan K. Galligan of counsel), for respondent.
Before: McCARTHY, J.P., GARRY, LYNCH, DEVINE and CLARK, JJ.
Opinion
GARRY, J. Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Sullivan County (McGuire, J.), rendered October 15, 2013, convicting defendant upon his plea of guilty of the crime of rape in the second degree.
Defendant was indicted on one count of rape in the first degree and one count of rape in the third degree stemming from an incident in which he was alleged to have forced a coworker to engage in sexual intercourse with him. Following plea negotiations, defendant pleaded guilty to one count of rape in the second degree in full satisfaction of the indictment and waived his right to appeal in exchange for a sentencing commitment of five years in prison with up to 15 years of postrelease supervision. In the course of the plea allocution, County Court led defendant in a factual recitation and also advised him that, as a condition of the agreement, it expected him to “respond truthfully and take responsibility for engaging in non-consensual intercourse with the [victim]” during his pre-sentencing probation interview. Prior to sentencing, defendant twice moved to withdraw his plea on the ground that, among other things, it was not entered knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently. The court denied the motions and, after determining that defendant had failed to take responsibility for engaging in nonconsensual sex with the victim at his probation interview, sentenced him as a second felony offender to an enhanced sentence of seven years in prison to be followed by 15 years of postrelease supervision. Defendant appeals.
As an initial matter, defendant's contention that his plea was not knowing, voluntary, and intelligent survives his waiver of the right to appeal and was preserved by an appropriate post-allocution motion (see People v. Lacroix, 133 A.D.3d 1095, 1096, 20 N.Y.S.3d 687 [2015] ; People v. White, 85 A.D.3d 1493, 1493, 925 N.Y.S.2d 915 [2011] ). The crime to which defendant pleaded was not a lesser included offense of an offense charged in the indictment, either by virtue of its elements or by operation of CPL 220.20, which expands the definition of lesser included offenses for plea purposes. However, as defendant's plea was “to a lesser crime technically inconsistent with the crime charged, albeit sharing common elements and involving the same victim,” it fell within one of the two recognized “narrow exceptions” to the restraints on permissible pleas contained in CPL 220.10 (People v. Johnson, 89 N.Y.2d 905, 908, 653 N.Y.S.2d 265, 675 N.E.2d 1217 [1996] ).
Where, as here, a defendant pleads to a lesser crime as part of a plea bargain, the court is not required to engage in a factual recitation in order to establish the elements of the crime (see People v. Clairborne, 29 N.Y.2d 950, 951, 329 N.Y.S.2d 580, 280 N.E.2d 366 [1972] ; People v. Harris, 125 A.D.3d 1506, 1507, 2 N.Y.S.3d 309 [2015], lv. denied 26 N.Y.3d 929, 17 N.Y.S.3d 92, 38 N.E.3d 838 [2015] ; People v. McQueen, 57 A.D.3d 1103, 1103, 868 N.Y.S.2d 421 [2008], lv. denied 12 N.Y.3d 760, 876 N.Y.S.2d 712, 904 N.E.2d 849 [2009] ), and, in fact, “under such circumstances defendants can even plead guilty to crimes that do not exist” (People v. Johnson, 23 N.Y.3d 973, 975, 989 N.Y.S.2d 680, 12 N.E.3d 1109 [2014] ). In this instance, although not required to do so, County Court nevertheless sought to elicit the details of the crime from defendant prior to accepting his plea and led him in a factual recitation. The questions posed by the court during the allocution appeared to be designed to elicit from defendant facts supporting the elements of rape in the third degree, a crime which had been charged in the indictment, but was to be dismissed as part of the plea to rape in the second degree; notably, rape in the third degree includes the element that the victim's “words and acts” demonstrated that he or she did not consent to sexual intercourse with the defendant (Penal Law § 130.05[2][d] ; see Penal Law § 130.25 ). In response to the court's inquiries, defendant admitted that he had engaged in nonconsensual sexual intercourse with the victim and that the intercourse was nonconsensual because the victim had “indicated to [him], by words or actions, that she did not wish to engage in sexual intercourse with [him].” This factual recitation was inconsistent with the crime to which he was pleading and, in fact, negated an element of that crime, namely that the victim be “incapable of consent by reason of being mentally disabled or mentally incapacitated” (Penal Law § 130.30[2] [emphasis added] ).
County Court failed to conduct any further inquiry prior to accepting the plea in order “to ensure that defendant underst[ood] the nature of the charge and that the plea [was] intelligently entered” (People v. Lopez, 71 N.Y.2d 662, 666, 529 N.Y.S.2d 465, 525 N.E.2d 5 [1988] ; see People v. Castetter, 64 A.D.3d 1007, 1008–1009, 881 N.Y.S.2d 914 [2009] ; People v. Ocasio, 265 A.D.2d 675, 677, 697 N.Y.S.2d 368 [1999] ). Thus, under the unusual circumstances presented here, we are constrained to find that the court erred in denying defendant the opportunity to withdraw his plea, as the record fails to demonstrate that his plea was entered knowingly and intelligently (see People v. Johnson, 23 N.Y.3d at 975–976, 989 N.Y.S.2d 680, 12 N.E.3d 1109 ; People v. Worden, 22 N.Y.3d 982, 985–986, 980 N.Y.S.2d 317, 3 N.E.3d 654 [2013] ; People v. Marrero, 130 A.D.3d 1148, 1149, 13 N.Y.S.3d 649 [2015] ). Accordingly, defendant's plea must be vacated and the matter remitted to County Court. In light of this determination, defendant's remaining contentions are rendered academic.
ORDERED that the judgment is reversed, on the law, plea vacated and matter remitted to the County Court of Sullivan County for further proceedings not inconsistent with this Court's decision.
McCARTHY, J.P., LYNCH, DEVINE and CLARK, JJ., concur.