Opinion
December 10, 1987
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Montgomery County (White, J.).
On or about July 15, 1981, defendant Longview Fibre Company (hereinafter Longview) discharged plaintiff from his job while he was hospitalized for psychiatric treatment following an incident at work in which plaintiff allegedly threatened his superior with a knife. Plaintiff, a member of defendant Printing Specialties and Paper Products Union No. 757 of Amsterdam, New York, Local Union of International Printing and Graphic Communications Union (hereinafter the union), sought assistance from the union in filing a grievance against Longview. The collective bargaining agreement required that grievances be processed within five days of an employee's termination. After discharge from the hospital, plaintiff continued to seek the union's assistance and he contends that he was led to believe that the matter was being pursued. On December 30, 1981, in response to plaintiff's repeated requests, the union's president signed a "to whom it may concern" letter stating that the union had done everything within the framework of the contract with Longview regarding the discharge. Plaintiff alleged that he received this letter on January 2, 1982. On December 23, 1981, plaintiff made an unfair labor practice charge against the union with the National Labor Relations Board (hereinafter NLRB). The charge was rejected by the NLRB on January 28, 1982.
Plaintiff commenced this action on July 7, 1982 seeking, inter alia, damages against the union for alleged unlawful discriminatory practices and breach of the duty of fair representation. In a second cause of action against Longview and its plant manager, plaintiff sought damages for false arrest. On April 10, 1986, Supreme Court granted the union's motion for leave to amend its answer under CPLR 3025 (b) to include the Statute of Limitations as an affirmative defense based upon the United States Supreme Court decision in DelCostello v Teamsters ( 462 U.S. 151), which adopted a six-month time limitation on actions against a union alleging breach of the duty of fair representation. Supreme Court thereupon granted the union's CPLR 3211 (a) (5) motion to dismiss the complaint as time barred. This appeal by plaintiff followed.
Plaintiff contends that the grant of leave to amend on the eve of trial, some 2 1/2 years after the decision in DelCostello, was an abuse of discretion. We disagree. There is general agreement that leave to amend pleadings under CPLR 3025 (b) shall be freely given "absent prejudice or surprise resulting directly from the delay" (McCaskey, Davies Assocs. v New York City Health Hosps. Corp., 59 N.Y.2d 755, 757; accord, Edenwald Contr. Co. v City of New York, 60 N.Y.2d 957). "Lateness alone is no barrier to the amendment" under CPLR 3025 (b) (Sheppard v Smith Well Drilling Water Sys., 102 A.D.2d 919). While the defendant must show a reasonable excuse for delay in seeking to amend pleadings (March v St. Volodymyr Ukranian Catholic Church, 117 A.D.2d 864), the plaintiff must also demonstrate that it has been prejudiced directly from the delay (Edenwald Contr. Co. v City of New York, supra, at 959). We find it was not inappropriate for the union to wait for a court determination as to whether the DelCostello holding would be applied retroactively (see, Ferri v Public Employees Fedn., 115 A.D.2d 814, 815; Callens v Simmons Mach. Tool Corp., 110 A.D.2d 994, 995). Since no new factual situation evolved which significantly prejudiced plaintiff and since both parties were aware of the legal significance of the holding in DelCostello, it cannot be said that Supreme Court abused its discretion in granting the union's motion to amend.
Resolution of the remaining issue, i.e., whether the action was time barred, depends upon the date the action accrued. The union maintains that since no action was taken on plaintiff's grievance during the five-day grievance period set forth in the collective bargaining agreement, his termination became final and the union's breach of duty, if any, occurred at that time, i.e., July 20, 1981. Plaintiff contends that the union's continued dialogue with him subsequent to July 20, 1981 caused the statute to be tolled and that the time bar did not commence until he actually received the December 30, 1981 letter, which he interprets as the union's first "unequivocal" refusal to further act on plaintiff's behalf.
A claim against a union for breach of the duty of fair representation accrues when a plaintiff knows or should reasonably have known that the breach occurred (see, King v New York Tel. Co., 785 F.2d 31, 34). In plaintiff's charge against the union made to the NLRB and signed December 23, 1981, plaintiff alleged a breach of the duty of fair representation. Therefore, at the latest, on that date, if not on July 20, 1981, the time limitation commenced to run and service of process on July 7, 1982, more than six months thereafter, was untimely (see, DelCostello v Teamsters, 462 U.S. 151, supra; Ferri v Public Employees Fedn., 115 A.D.2d 814, 815, supra; Callens v Simmons Mach. Tool Corp., 110 A.D.2d 994, supra; Lohier v District 1199, 96 A.D.2d 884).
Order affirmed, with costs. Mahoney, P.J., Kane, Weiss, Yesawich, Jr., and Levine, JJ., concur.