Opinion
Nos. 2009-CA-0566, 2009-CA-0568.
December 9, 2009. Rehearing Denied December 16, 2009.
Appeal from the Civil District Court, Orleans Parish, No. 2005-11720, Division L-6, Kern A. Reese, J.
Gregory P. DiLeo, Jennifer B. Eagan, and Madro Bandaries, Madro Bandaries, P.L.C., Jeffrey Berniard, Berniard Law Firm, R. Ray Orrill, Jr., Orrill, Cordell Beary, L.L.C., New Orleans, LA, for Toni Swain Orrill, on her behalf as well as others similarly situated.
Fred L. Herman, Law Offices of Fred L. Herman, Steven J. Lane, Stephen J. Herman, Herman, Herman, Katz Cotlar, L.L.P. New Orleans, LA, Wiley J. Beevers, Steven M. Mauterer, Michael F. Somoza, Beevers Beevers, L.L.P., Gretna, LA, J. Robert Ates, Ates Law Firm, APLC, Destrahan, LA, for Appellants.
(Court composed of Judge PATRICIA RIVET MURRAY, Judge TERRI F. LOVE, Judge DAVID S. GORBATY).
These consolidated appeals involve two class action suits. The captioned matter was filed in Civil District Court for the Parish of Orleans on October 2, 2005, and the other class action entitled " Oubre v. Louisiana Citizens Fair Plan," was filed in 24th Judicial District Court for the Parish of Jefferson in November 2005. The ultimate defendant in each lawsuit was Louisiana Citizens Fair Plan (Citizens).
Another class action, Chalona v. Louisiana Citizens Fair Plan, was filed in St. Bernard Parish, but was later incorporated into the Orrill lawsuit. It is not germane to this disposition.
Both lawsuits were filed in connection with alleged failings by Citizens to timely adjust claims and/or timely offer to settle claims following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
From the record, briefs and oral argument we have gleaned the following chronology. The Oubre class was certified in July 2006, and the Orrill class was certified in June 2008. From the outset there were conflicts between counsel for the two classes.
The Oubre class definition, which was affirmed by the Louisiana 5th Circuit Court of Appeal, was as follows:
All present or past insureds of Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation a/k/a LOUISIANA CITIZENS FAIR PLAN, hereinafter referred to as "LCPIC" who on or after August 29, 2005, provided notification of loss resulting from Hurricanes Katrina and/or Rita to LCPIC, and whose loss adjustment was not initiated within thirty (30) days after notification of loss.
The original class definition in Orrill signed on June 6, 2008, read:
All persons insured by or through the Louisiana Citizens' [sic] Fair Plan, and/or the Coastal Plan, underwritten, administered and/or serviced by any one or more of the named defendants, who sustained damages as a result of Hurricane Katrina to their covered personal and/or rental property and/or real property and improvements who have been unable to receive prompt adjustment within thirty days after notification of their loss, and/or who did not receive a written offer to settle within thirty days after receipt of satisfactory proof of loss of that claim, as provided by their policies of insurance.
Contemporaneously with the activities in Orrill, the Oubre case was moving forward in the 24th JDC. Six months prior to certification of the class in Orrill, Judge Sullivan, the judge presiding over Oubre, approved the class notice, Which advised:
At present, this class action covers no other claims of [sic] cause of action other than that clearly set forth in the class definition and effects no other pending litigation, individual and/or class action, brought in the Parish of Jefferson or any other parish which action is not in conflict with the class definition as set forth by this court.
If you have filed your own separate claim as a result of Hurricane Katrina or Rita against Louisiana Citizens which does not make a claim that Louisiana Citizens failed to initiate loss adjustment within thirty (30) days after notification of loss, you MAY maintain your own separate lawsuit AND be a member of this class.
By remaining a class member, any claims against Louisiana Citizens for damages arising from their conduct as alleged by the class representatives will be determined in this case and cannot be presented in any other lawsuit.
On October 1, 2008, counsel for the Orrill plaintiffs and for Citizens filed a joint motion to preliminarily approve a settlement between the parties. The total value of the proposed settlement was $35 million. Additionally, Citizens agreed to pay the actual costs incurred by plaintiffs in an amount up to $250,000. Class counsel sought to certify a settlement class defined as follows:
All present or past insured of Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation, a/k/a Louisiana Citizens Fair Plan, hereinafter referred to as "LCPIC," who on or after August 29, 2005, provided notification of loss resulting from Hurricanes Katrina and/or Rita to LCPIC, and whose loss adjustment was not initiated within thirty (30) days after notification of loss and/or whose claims were not followed by a written offer to settle within thirty (30) days after receipt of satisfactory proof of loss.
The Stipulation of Settlement that accompanied the motion for approval specifically stated: "The parties herein acknowledge that this Compromise Agreement, that is entered between the parties to avoid further litigation, is favored by law, has a force equal to the authority of things adjudged and thus has res judicata effect, as per provisions of La. Civ. Code Art. 3078, including members of the class as found in the `class definition' below." [emphasis added]. The referenced definition is identical to the one found in the motion to approve the settlement.
A preliminary approval order was signed by the court on October 1, 2008. The order reiterated the class definition, appointed the attorneys to represent the settlement class, and appointed a claims administrator. The order further approved the class notice of proposed settlement, set an "opt out" date, a deadline to object to the settlement, and set a fairness hearing date for the approval. The class notice informed the potential class members that the "opt out" date was December 1, 2008, and that all claims forms for those wishing to remain in the class must be postmarked no later than December 11, 2008. The fairness hearing was scheduled for December 15, 2008.
On October 29, 2008, Judge Sullivan issued a temporary restraining order to Citizens restraining them 1) from processing any claim form by an Oubre class member (as per Oubre class definition); 2) from considering the absence of receipt of an "opt out" form to be a consent by an Oubre class member to be included in Orrill; 3) from taking any action to include, enforce and/or apply the Orrill settlement stipulation against any member of the Oubre class; 4) from filing pleadings in Orrill designed to fund the qualified trust account, and/or authorizing distribution of any funds from that account to Oubre class members; 5) from communicating with any Oubre class member; and 6) from participating in any fairness hearing in Orrill if the purpose of said participation is to seek to include, involve, affect, or impact on the Oubre class members.
Upon learning of the temporary restraining order in Jefferson Parish, on October 29, 2008 Orrill counsel filed in CDC a motion for contempt against Oubre counsel, seeking sanctions, penalties and attorneys' fees.
A hearing was held on November 10 in which the court heard three motions: 1) the above referenced motion for contempt; 2) a motion to enforce the proposed Orrill settlement; and 3) a petition for a temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction, and permanent injunction filed by Orrill counsel against Oubre counsel. The petition alleged numerous breaches of the Code of Professional Responsibility, mainly that employees of Beevers Beevers were contacting members of the Orrill settlement class by telephone and disseminating false information concerning the settlement. The petition also alleged that Beevers Beevers' employees were attempting to get Orrill class members to "opt out" of Orrill and to sign a retainer agreement with Beevers Beevers. Orrill counsel sought to have Oubre counsel prohibited from making any further contact with Orrill class members. After a hearing on the 10th, the trial court rendered a judgment on November 21, holding Oubre counsel in contempt, granting sanctions, penalties and attorneys' fees.
This judgment was appealed suspensively and is the subject of No. 2009-CA-0568.
On November 13, the trial court issued the temporary restraining order restraining the Oubre counsel from:
[C]ontacting any member of the settlement class, as defined by the Court on October 1, 2008, in its class definition, by any means whatsoever, including telephone, fax, email, personal contact, correspondence, advertisement or any other form of communication whatsoever without leave of court.
The court denied Orrill counsels' request to have a curative notice mailed to Orrill class members.
Prior to a writ being taken by the Oubre counsel on the temporary restraining order, the trial court reversed itself and ordered that a curative notice be issued to counter the alleged effect of the action taken by Oubre counsel.
On December 1, Oubre counsel sought a writ from this Court. In Orrill v. Louisiana Citizens Fair Plan, 2008-C-1468, December 1, 2008, this Court granted the writ and stated:
The Relators, counsel for the Oubre Class, have the right to communicate with their clients under the circumstances of this case. The trial court abused its discretion by prohibiting the Relators from communicating with their own clients. The trial court's temporary restraining order to the extent it prohibits Relators from communicating with their clients is hereby dismissed.
Following the ruling from this Court, in a supplemental memoranda in support of the temporary restraining order, Orrill counsel alleged that Oubre counsel was mailing a letter to Orrill class members. A copy of a letter on Beevers Beevers letterhead was attached to the memorandum. It read:
WARNING!! You probably have received paperwork regarding LA CITIZENS INSURANCE CO. CLASS ACTION This paperwork is an attempt to get you to settle For less than $1,000. BE ADVISED THAT this paperwork DID NOT come from Beevers Beevers, LLP, the Court Appointed Attorneys for the Class Action Lawsuit against LA Citizens Insurance Co. UNDER THE LAW YOU CAN RECEIVE AS MUCH AS $5,000.00 FOR EACH POLICY/PROPERTY!! Please call us (504) 361-287 ASAP!!!On December 5, the trial court conducted a trial to decide if the temporary restraining should be made a preliminary injunction. On December 22, a judgment was rendered, restraining Oubre counsel from contacting members of the Orrill class, using the exact language that was contained in the prior temporary restraining order. In addition, the judgment explained that Oubre counsel "are allowed to contact their own clients who are in the Oubre class action, except that defendants-in-rule are prohibited from disseminating any misleading, or false information about the terms of the settlement in the above-captioned matter to anyone."
This judgment is the subject of appeal No. 2009-CA-0566.
From this judgment, Oubre counsel filed a devolutive appeal, which has been consolidated with the appeal of the contempt rule. In the 2009-CA-0566 appeal, Oubre counsel allege that because the Orrill settlement class and the Oubre class has significant overlap, the preliminary injunction is difficult to interpret, and arguably prevents Oubre counsel from communicating with their own clients.
LAW AND ANALYSIS:
Article 3601 of the Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure provides in part: "An injunction shall be issued in cases where irreparable injury, loss, or damage may otherwise result to the applicant, or in other cases specifically provided by law; . . ." La. Code Civ. Proc. art. 3601 A. To obtain a preliminary injunction, a petitioner must show that he will suffer irreparable injury in the absence of an injunction, that he is entitled to the relief sought, and that he can make a prima facie showing that he will prevail on the merits. Desire Narcotics Rehabilitation Center, Inc. v. State of La., Dept of Health Hospitals, 07-0390, p. 3 (La.App. 4 Cir. 10/17/07), 970 So.2d 17, 20.
A preliminary injunction is an interlocutory procedural tool designed to preserve the status quo between the parties, pending a trial on the merits. Id., 07-0390, p. 4, 970 So.2d at 20. The trial court has great discretion to grant or deny relief. Id. An appellate court will not disturb a trial court's judgment absent an abuse of discretion. Id.
Based on our review of a fragmented record, the dispute giving rise to the dueling temporary restraining orders arose when the trial court in the Orrill case enlarged the class as originally defined. It did so when it approved the proposed settlement between the Orrill class and Citizens, which settlement included a "new" class definition which subsumed persons originally belonging to the Oubre class only.
In Gulf Oil Co. v. Bernard, 452 U.S. 89, 101-102, 101 S.Ct. 2193, 2200-2201, 68 L.Ed.2d 693 (1981), a case with striking similarities to this one, Gulf Oil and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) entered into an agreement whereby Gulf Oil would contact persons who had filed discrimination claims against it, and offer a settlement, provided the complainants signed a release for further claims. Some of the recipients of the Gulf Oil letter consulted with attorneys, and a class, action was subsequently filed on behalf of the complainants. 452 U.S. at 91-92, 101 S.Ct. at 2195-96. Gulf Oil sought a temporary restraining order to prohibit the class attorneys from contacting their clients, citing interference with Gulf Oil's attempt to settle the claims. The district court issued a temporary restraining order banning all communications concerning the class action between parties or their counsel and any actual or potential class member who was not a formal party. 452 U.S. at 92-93, 101 S.Ct. at 2196.
Gulf Oil then sought a modification of the order, allowing it to continue to contact class members, soliciting releases in exchange for backpay. Class counsel responded that it needed to communicate with class members to obtain information about the case and to inform class members of their rights. Oral argument was heard but no evidence was taken. 452 U.S. at 93-94, 101 S.Ct. at 2196.
Other modifications were sought and hearings were held, resulting in an order that "imposed a complete ban on all communications concerning the class action or potential class member who was not a formal party, without the prior approval of the court." Examples were given of forbidden communications such as solicitation of potential or actual class members, and any statements, "which may tend to misrepresent the status, purposes and effects of the class action" or "create impressions tending without cause, to reflect adversely on any party, any counsel, this Court, or the administration of justice." The order permitted communications initiated by the client, and communications in the regular course of business. If the attorney asserted a constitutional right to communicate, the attorney was to file with the court a copy of the communication within five days. Gulf Oil, on the other hand, could freely communicate with anyone concerning the settlement agreement. 452 U.S. at 94-95, 101 S.Ct. at 2197.
Upon review, the Supreme Court considered the authority of the district court to impose broad limitations on communications between named plaintiffs and their counsel to prospective class members, and more specifically, whether the order in the case below is "consistent with the general policies embodied in Rule 23, which governs class actions in federal court." 452 U.S. at 99, 101 S.Ct. at 2199.
Rule 23(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides: "(d) ORDERS IN CONDUCT OF ACTIONS. In the conduct of actions to which this rule applied, the court may make appropriate orders: . . . (3) imposing conditions on the representative parties or on intervenors . . . [and] (5) dealing with similar procedural matters." (as cited and relied upon in Gulf Oil, 452 U.S. at 99, 101 S.Ct. at 2199.)
The Court concluded that the order was an abuse of discretion. Although the Court recognized the potential for abuses in class-action litigation, the mere possibility of abuses "does not justify routine adoption of a communications ban that interferes with the formation of a class or the prosecution of a class action in accordance with the Rules. . . . [I]n the absence of a clear record and specific findings of need." 452 U.S. at 103-104, 101 S.Ct. at 2201-2202.
At the hearing on the preliminary injunction, the testimony was taken of two persons who were both Orrill and Oubre actual or potential class members. According to his testimony, Mr. Henry stated that the property insured by Citizens was located in the Lake Charles area. Thus, any claim made by the Henry's would be in relation to Hurricane Rita. Originally, the Orrill class did not include claims for Hurricane Rita damages; therefore, the Henry's were potential members of the Oubre class only. Mrs. Henry's name was provided to Oubre counsel during discovery. It was not until the Orrill class definition was expanded, did the Henry's become potential Orrill class members also. Hence, Oubre counsel maintained a duty to represent the Henry's. The Henry's were sent a warning letter.
There was much discussion about Mr. Henry's status as a class member, i.e., his wife actually owned the property. We will forego a discussion on the law of agency.
Floyd Miles testified that he received a letter from the Beevers Beevers firm. He called the firm to get more information, but when he stated that he had already submitted a claim form for the Orrill case, the person answering the call told him there was nothing that Beevers Beevers could do for him, and terminated the call.
Michelle Lirette testified that she was hired by Beevers Beevers to contact people identified by Citizens as potential class members. The purpose of the call was to inform Oubre class members of the ramifications of the proposed settlement in Orrill, i.e., that the Orrill settlement would preclude them from receiving any monies in the Oubre case. It was her understanding that the people she called were members of both classes. Ms. Lirette admitted that she did tell some people that attorney's fees would be deducted from the settlement in Orrill, because that was her understanding. This admission differed from her testimony at the November 10 hearing, wherein she stated that two of the Oubre attorneys told her that attorney's fees would be deducted.
The only other person to testify at the hearing was Suzanne Don de'Ville, the director of litigation for Citizens, explained that it was her understanding that the proposed settlement in Orrill would settle all claims under Orrill.
Boxes of documents were submitted as evidence, in addition to the above testimony. In that respect, this case differs from Gulf Oil v. Bernard, supra. However, the evidence submitted does not lead us to a different result. We find that the trial court abused its discretion when it issued the preliminary injunction. It is clear that persons who were once only Oubre actual or potential class members became actual or potential class members in Orrill when the trial court expanded the definition of the Orrill class. These persons remained the clients or potential clients of the Oubre counsel, and those counsel maintained an obligation to inform and advise their clients of the ramifications of the proposed settlement in Orrill. Although, in our opinion, the "warning letter" could have been worded differently, we find it does not contain any untrue or misleading statement. If the members of either class were confused, it is with good reason. Attorneys were appointed for these persons to advise and guide them through the legal process. The preliminary injunction improperly hindered the Oubre counsel from representing their clients.
Accordingly, for the reasons set forth above, we reverse the judgment of the trial court and vacate the preliminary injunction. This ruling effectively renders the appeal numbered 2009-CA-0568 moot.