Summary
limiting tolling to claims against “criminal defendants”
Summary of this case from Harrison v. McAfeeOpinion
No. A14A1510.
2015-03-18
ORR v. RIVER EDGE COMMUNITY SERVICE BOARD et al.
Russell M. Boston , Wendy Sullivan Boston Esq. , Macon, for Appellant. Samuel S. Olens , Kirsten Searle Daughdril , for Appellee.
The Boston Law, Russell M. Boston, Wendy Sullivan Boston, Macon, for Appellant. Samuel S. Olens, Atty. Gen., Kirsten Searle Daughdril, Senior Asst. Atty. Gen., for Appellees.
MILLER, Judge.
Georgia Orr filed a wrongful death suit under the Georgia Tort Claims Act against River Edge Community Service Board (“River Edge”) and the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities (collectively, the “Defendants”) more than four years after her husband was struck and killed by a van driven by a River Edge employee. The Defendants filed a motion to dismiss on the grounds that Orr's ante litem notice was not timely and her complaint was barred by the two-year statute of limitation. The Defendants also moved to dismiss and sought summary judgment based on the prior pending action rule (OCGA § 9–2–44(a)). The trial court granted the Defendants' motions and dismissed Orr's lawsuit, finding that it was time-barred and subject to abatement. Orr appeals, contending that (1) the statute of limitation was tolled by the pending criminal prosecution of the van's driver and (2) her lawsuit was not abated under the prior pending action rule. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court's ruling.
Orr filed her first wrongful death suit against River Edge and the Department of Human Resources in February 2009. The trial court granted the Defendants' motion to dismiss based on Orr's failure to provide adequate ante litem notice. Orr appealed, and this Court affirmed the trial court's dismissal of Orr's previous lawsuit under Court of Appeals Rule 36. Orr v. River Edge Community Svc. Bd., 316 Ga.App. XXV (July 9, 2012) (affirmed without opinion).
Whether a cause of action is barred by the statute of limitation is a mixed question of fact and, where the facts are not in dispute, the question is one of law for the court. See McGhee v. Jones, 287 Ga.App. 345, 347(2), 652 S.E.2d 163 (2007).
On February 5, 2007, Francena Chisholm–Moss, driving a van in the course of her employment with River Edge, struck pedestrian Elijah Orr, causing injuries that resulted in his death. Chisholm–Moss was issued a traffic citation, but the warrant against her was ultimately dismissed. Orr did not give ante litem notice to River Edge until February 17, 2010, she did not give ante litem notice to the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities until March 8, 2010, and she did not file the instant suit against the Defendants until October 26, 2011. Orr did not file suit against Chisholm–Moss, the driver of the van.
On February 6, 2007, Chisholm–Moss was issued a traffic citation for leaving the scene of an accident (OCGA § 40–6–270) and ordered to appear in probate court. The case was subsequently transferred from probate court to superior court. In September 2007, the local prosecutor informed the investigating officer that he had decided not to prosecute Chisholm–Moss because there was insufficient evidence to obtain a conviction after the investigation revealed that Elijah Orr was crawling across the road in the dark when he was struck. Approximately two years later, in October 2009, the warrant against Chisholm–Moss was dismissed.
The Defendants, River Edge and the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities, filed a motion to dismiss on the basis that Orr's ante litem notice was not timely and her complaint was barred by the statute of limitation, which expired in February 2009, two years after the accident occurred, or, at the latest, in September 2009, two years after the prosecutor decided not to press charges against Chisholm–Moss. The trial court dismissed Orr's lawsuit, finding that it was time-barred because the prosecution against Chisholm–Moss terminated in September 2007 and, thus, the statute of limitation expired in September 2009. This appeal ensued.
1. Orr contends that her case against the Defendants was not time-barred because the pending criminal prosecution of Chisholm–Moss did not terminate until February 2011, when the criminal statute of limitation expired, and the trial court erred in determining that the criminal prosecution ended in September 2007. We disagree.
For tort claims brought against the State, the statute of limitation is two years.OCGA § 50–21–27(c). However, OCGA § 9–3–99 provides:
The Defendants are both state government entities. See Youngblood v. Gwinnett Rockdale Newton Community Svc. Bd., 273 Ga. 715, 716(1), 545 S.E.2d 875 (2001) (community service boards are state agencies).
The running of the period of limitations with respect to any cause of action in tort that may be brought by the victim of an alleged crime which arises out of the facts and circumstances relating to the commission of such alleged crime committed in this [S]tate shall be tolled from the date of the commission of the alleged crime or the act giving rise to such action in tort until the prosecution of such crime or act has become final or otherwise terminated, provided that such time does not exceed six years.
The plaintiff bears the burden of establishing that a statute of limitation has been tolled. See Smith v. Chemtura Corp., 297 Ga.App. 287, 293(5), 676 S.E.2d 756 (2009).
Pretermitting whether the trial court erred in determining that the prosecution of Chisholm–Moss became final in September 2007 for purposes of OCGA § 9–3–99, we will affirm the trial court's dismissal of a complaint if it is right for any reason. See Johnson v. Equicredit Corp., 238 Ga.App. 380, 381(1), 517 S.E.2d 353 (1999); see also Bailey v. Hall, 267 Ga.App. 222, 223, n. 1, 599 S.E.2d 226 (2004) (“Although, as a matter of judicial economy, we will affirm an order under the ‘right for any reason rule,’ we will generally only do so when the judgment may be sustained upon a legal basis apparent from the record which was fairly presented in the court below.”) (citation omitted).
Here, the Defendants argued that OCGA § 9–3–99 did not apply because the Defendants had not been charged with a crime. This Court has previously held that OCGA § 9–3–99 “tolls the statute of limitation for any cause of action in tort brought by the victim of an alleged crime while the prosecution of the defendant is pending, for a period not to exceed six years.” Mays v. Target Corp., 322 Ga.App. 44, 46, 743 S.E.2d 603 (2013); Valades v. Uslu, 301 Ga.App. 885, 888–889(1), 689 S.E.2d 338 (2009). Thus, tolling is only available in suits against criminal defendants. See Mays, supra, 322 Ga.App. at 46, 743 S.E.2d 603 (suit against criminal defendant's employer for intentional infliction of emotional distress and negligent hiring could not be tolled pursuant to OCGA § 9–3–99 where employer had not been charged with a crime). In the instant case, Orr filed suit against the Defendants, River Edge and the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities, not against Chisholm–Moss, the driver of the vehicle.
Neither River Edge nor the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities was ever charged with any crime. While it is uncontested that Chisholm–Moss was acting in the course and scope of her employment with River Edge when the accident occurred, there is no allegation that the Defendants were criminally liable for Elijah Orr's death. “Although the [Defendants and Chisholm–Moss] may be joint tortfeasors for purposes of the instant lawsuit, they were not criminal co-defendants who shared joint criminal responsibility for acts that resulted in a criminal prosecution.” Columbia County v. Branton, 304 Ga.App. 149, 152(1), 695 S.E.2d 674 (2010); see also Valades, supra, 301 Ga.App. at 888–889(1), 689 S.E.2d 338. Accordingly, OCGA § 9–3–99 did not toll the two-year statute of limitation for filing suit against the Defendants and Orr's suit is time-barred as a matter of law. Branton, supra, 304 Ga.App. at 153(1), 695 S.E.2d 674.
2. Since we conclude that Orr's lawsuit against River Edge and the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities was time-barred, we need not address her remaining contentions.
Judgment affirmed.