Opinion
January 27, 2006.
71-1-1 Municipal Fire Police Civil Service
R.S. 33:1996
Municipal firemen are entitled to annual vacation of eighteen days after having served one year. For purposes of leave, "day" is a twenty-four hour calendar day, regardless of how the actual hours worked are distributed in a given day.
Honorable Randy Roach Mayor 326 Pujo Street P.O. Box 900 Lake Charles, LA 70602
Dear Mayor Roach:
You ask this office to advise you of the statutory rules governing vacation leave for firefighters employed by the City of Lake Charles.
Pertinent to this discussion is R.S. 33:1996, which addresses the annual vacation leave of firemen, and provides:
§ 1996. Annual vacation
Firemen in municipalities, parishes and fire protection districts to which this Subpart applies, after having served one year, shall be entitled to an annual vacation of eighteen days with full pay. This vacation period shall be increased one day for each year of service over ten years, up to a maximum vacation period of thirty days, all of which shall be with full pay. The vacation privileges herein provided for shall not be forfeited by any member of the department for any cause. Firemen employed on January 6, 1969 shall have their present longevity considered as a factor in the computation of their vacation benefits as provided herein.
The provisions of this section shall in no way be construed to affect in any manner any presently existing system of computing vacation periods under which greater vacation benefits are granted than those provided for herein and the same shall continue in full force and effect.
Under the provisions of R.S. 33:1996 quoted above, after one year's service, each municipal fireman is entitled to vacation leave equal to eighteen (18) days annually.
The word "day" in R.S. 33:1996 means "calendar days" of twenty-four hours each. Jurisprudence has held the word "days" in statutes governing vacations for police officers and firefighters to mean "calendar days", not "working days". In New Orleans Firefighters Association Local, 632 v. City of New Orleans, 260 So.2d 779 (La.App. 4th Cir. 1972); affirmed, 269 So.2d 194 (La. 1972, the court reviewed R.S. 33:1996 and held that, for purposes of annual vacation periods for municipal firemen, "day" means a calendar day and not a work shift. A similar conclusion was reached by the appellate court in Authement v. Davidson, 366 So.2d 986 (La. App 1st Cir. 1978), where the court held that the word "days" in R.S. 33:2583, dealing with vacation days for Houma police, is to be construed as meaning "calendar days". Finally, see also the case of Kenner Firefighters Association v. City of Kenner, 742 So.2d 989 (La.App. 5th Cir. 1999),writ denied, 750 So.2d 993 (La. 1999), in which the court held that "vacation day" within the meaning and intent of the statute providing for vacation days for firefighters, is a calendar day from midnight to midnight.
Our interpretation of the word "days" concerning work shifts of different lengths remains a twenty-four hour calendar day regardless of the shift length. Here, according to R.S. 33:1996, a fireman would be entitled to eighteen (18) calendar days of leave for days on which the employee would otherwise be required to work, regardless of how the actual hours worked are distributed in a given day. An average 40-hour workweek, would, whatever the length of the shift worked, break down into eighteen eight-hour calendar days. The fireman is then entitled to receive a total vacation period of 144 hours annually (i.e., 8 hours X 18 days = 144 hours), in order to be in compliance with the minimum requirements of R.S. 33:1996. See also Attorney General Opinion 92-60, copy attached.
We hope the foregoing is helpful to you. Should you have further questions, please contact this office.
Very Truly yours,
CHARLES C. FOTI, JR. ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: _________________________ KERRY L. KILPATRICK ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL
ATTACHMENT
JUNE 02 1992
OPINION NUMBER 92-60
64-B Military Department
In Military leave of absence provision giving 15 days of leave during any one calendar year, "days" interpreted to mean "calendar days" and not "work shifts."
Ms. Dawn Guillot Assistant Parish Attorney City of Baton Rouge Parish of East Baton Rouge P.O. Box 1471 Baton Rouge, LA 70821
Dear Ms. Guillot:
You have requested the opinion of this office on the following questions regarding the military leave provisions under La. R.S. 42:394:
(1) Should the fifteen days of military leave granted under La. R.S. 42:394 be measured in "calendar days" or in "working days"?
(2) Would an eight hour day, ten hour day, twelve hour day, or twenty-four hour day "work shift" require a different interpretation and/or calculation?
La. R.S. 42:394 reads as follows:
"All officers and employees of the state, or of any parish, city, town, political subdivision, unit, or any state institution thereof, who are members of the Officers' Reserve Corps of the Army of the United States, the National Guard of the United States, the Naval Reserve Corps, the Marine Corps Reserve, the Air Force Reserve, the Citizens Military Training Corps, or the Civil Air Patrol, either as officers or enlisted men, are entitled to leave of absence from their respective duties, without loss of pay, time, annual leave, or efficiency rating, on all days during which they are ordered to duty with troops or at field exercises, or for instruction, for periods not to exceed fifteen days in any one calendar year; and when relieved from duty, they are to be restored to the positions held by them when ordered to duty."
As there is no jurisprudence interpreting this statute's use of the word "days", the task of interpreting La. R.S. 42:394 should be accomplished by reference to the rules for interpretation set out in Civil Code Article 9 et. seq.
Article 9 advises that, "when a law is clear and unambiguous and its application does not lead to absurd consequences, the law shall be applied as written and no further interpretation may be made in search of the intent of the legislature". Since La. R.S. 42:394 does not expressly state whether it refers to "working days" or to "calendar days", a search for legislative intent may be made beyond the statute's words.
Civil Code Article 10 provides that "when the language of the law is susceptible of different meanings, it must be interpreted as having the meaning that best conforms to the purpose of the law. The apparent intent of the legislature in enacting this law was to encourage service in the National Guard and the various military reserves, by providing employees of the State and political subdivisions with employment security when their service obligations would otherwise interfere with regular employment schedules and opportunities for advancement.
The fifteen day period in La. R.S. 42:394 coincides with the minimum period of time that a Guardsman is required to drill and engage in field maneuvers annually. While certain reserves' training requirements may call for less than fifteen days, this period is obviously intended to encompass the longest minimum time required for any given U.S. Service branch. Clearly the period of time during which field maneuvers and drilling are to be conducted is measured in "calendar days", i.e., midnight to midnight, a twenty-four hour unit of time. This implicit purpose supports the interpretation of "days" in La. R.S. 42:394 as twenty-four hour "calendar days."
Civil Code Article 11 provides that when interpreting a law, the words of a statute must be given their "generally prevailing meaning". Without proof of specific legislative intent to the contrary, the most logical conclusion is that La. R.S. 42:394 measures "days" by calendar days, i.e., twenty-four hour time units.
Article 12 provides that "when the words of a law are ambiguous, their meaning must be sought by examining the context in which they occur and the text of the law as a whole". Looking at La. R.S. 42:391 et. seq. as a whole, the use of the term "leave of absence" for a given length of time, expressed in "days", without contrary expression would, according to generally accepted notions, denote a time period measured in "calendar days" of twenty-four hours each.
At least two appellate courts have interpreted the word "days" in statutes governing vacations for police officers and firefighters to mean "calendar days", not "working days", in the absence of proof of legislative intent to the contrary. In New Orleans Firefighters Association Local 632 v. City of New Orleans, 260 So.2d 779 (La.App. 4th Cir. 1972), affirmed 269 So.2d 194 (La. 1972), the court interpreted La. R.S. 33:1996 and held that, for purposes of annual vacation periods for municipal firemen, "day" means a calendar day and not a work shift.Authement v. Davidson, 366 So.2d 986 (La.App. 1st Cir. 1978) followed the Supreme Court's decision in New Orleans Firefighters and held that, absent any expressed intent on the part of the legislature to mean "working days" rather than "calendar days" in La. R.S. 33:2583, dealing with vacation days for Houma police, "days" is to be construed as meaning "calendar days".
This opinion is not in conflict with the previous opinion from this office on this issue. Op. Atty. Gen. 1948-50, p. 285, enclosed. That opinion focuses on the word "periods" and concludes that the statute "clearly does not contemplate one calendar period of fifteen consecutive days". It further concluded that the leave periods in the statute referred to "absence on working days for which the officer or employee shall suffer no loss of pay". There is no reference in the opinion to "working shifts" and the concern of the opinion is not with such eight, ten, twelve, or twenty-four hour shifts, but rather with "working days" in the sense of days on which the employee would otherwise work and be paid, as distinguished from "nonworking days" such as legal holidays and weekends during which the employee would not normally be working.
Therefore, under the rules of interpretation provided by the Civil Code, La. R.S. 42:394 would be interpreted to measure the military leave of absence in twenty-four hour calendar days.
You further inquire as to how "days" would be interpreted in light of work shifts of various lengths, and whether or not, for example, a "day" for the purposes of La. R.S. 42:394 for an employee who typically works an eight-hour day is different from such a "day" for one who works twelve hour shifts. It seems that there should be no difference in such a "day" since it has been determined that a day for purposes of military leave of absence is a twenty-four hour calendar, day. So an employee would be entitled to fifteen calendar days of leave for days on which the employee would otherwise be required to work, regardless of how the actual hours worked are distributed in a given day.
We hope this has answered your inquiry. Please advise if we may be of further assistance.
Sincerely,
RICHARD P. IEYOUB Attorney General
BY: _________________________ GLENN R. DUCOTE Assistant Attorney Generalstitution or in statutes recognized by the Constitution which must govern despite the fiscal code, it is our view that the provisions of the Code will control.
The question of the amount to be allowed the Racing Commission is one to be determined by your Department and if it feels that it should promulgate a different schedule of allowances for members of the Louisiana Racing Commission, it is within its rights in doing so. However, this office certainly can not say that the Louisiana Racing Commission is exempt from the provisions of the Act. Should we do so, it would practically be necessary to remove all other agencies from control of the Department of Finance.
You are therefore advised that it is the view of this Department that the opinion of Mr. Perrault dated November 12, 1946, correctly states the law on the subject.
ROBERT R. REID.
MILITARY DEPT. FOR STATE OF LOUISIANA AND EFFECT U.S. MILITARY SERVICE
Military leaves of absence without loss of pay for fifteen days during any one calendar year interpreted to mean fifteen working days.
May 30, 1949.
Honorable R.D. Walden, Merit System Director, 216 Capitol Annex, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
You request an opinion as to whether a state employee when ordered to duty with troops or for field exercises, or instruction should be entitled to a leave of absence from his duties without loss of pay for a period of fifteen calendar days or for a period of fifteen working days.
Section 1 of Act 349 of 1938 (Dart's Statutes 4712) provides:
"All officers and employees of the State of Louisiana or of any parish, city, town, political subdivision, unit, or any state institution thereof, who shall be members of the officers' reserve corps of the army of the United States, or the national guard of the United States, or the naval reserve corps, or the marine corps reserves, or citizens military training corps, shall be entitled to leave of absence from their respective duties, without loss of pay, time, annual leave, or efficiency rating, on all days during which they shall be ordered to duty with troops or at field exercises, or for instruction, for periods not to exceed fifteen (15) days in any one calendar year; and when relieved from duty, they shall be restored to the poistions held by them when ordered to duty." (Italics supplied)
This section provides that leaves of absence shall be granted without loss of pay for periods not to exceed fifteen days in one calendar year. It clearly does not contemplate one calendar period of fifteen consecutive day. We construe the periods referred to as absence on working days for which the officer or employee shall suffer no loss of pay.
While Rule XI, Section 11 of the Merit System Rules provides for military leaves of absence with pay not to exceed fifteen calendar days in each one year period, such rule must be subject to and construed in accordance with specific law governing the same subject.
It is, accordingly, our opinion that a military leave of absence should be computed on the basis of fifteen working days rather than on a basis of fifteen calendar days.
ADOLPH MENUET, JR.
Military Department, an agency of the State, must reject claims of individuals for damages arising out of torts of officers and employees committed in the discharge of their duties.
March 14, 1949.
James Thomas Conner, Lt. Col., JACC, Hq. and Hq. Dist. LA NC, Office of Adjutant General, Jackson Barracks, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Your letter dated March 8, 1949, together with the file in the matter of C.A. Miller, Cameron, Louisiana versus Military Department has been by Honorable Bolivar E. Kemp, Attorney General, referred to the writer for attention and reply.
You state that the Adjutant General would appreciate an examination of the file, an opinion as to whether or not payment of the claim is justified, and if justified, an authorization to make payment.
The file reveals that on August 27, 1948, Pvt. Leonard L. White was driving a 2½ Ton GMC Truck USA No. 4118314 on a mission delivering furniture and equipment