Opinion
12-23-2016
ONEWEST BANK, FSB, Plaintiff–Appellant, v. Steven D. SPENCER, et al., Defendants, and Donna S. Spencer, Defendant–Respondent. (Appeal No. 1.).
Harris Beach PLLC, Pittsford (John A. Mancuso of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Appellant. Reid A. Holter, Victor, for Defendant–Respondent.
Harris Beach PLLC, Pittsford (John A. Mancuso of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Appellant.
Reid A. Holter, Victor, for Defendant–Respondent.
PRESENT: CARNI, J.P., DeJOSEPH, NEMOYER, TROUTMAN, AND SCUDDER, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:In appeal No. 1, plaintiff appeals from an order that, inter alia, granted the cross motion of Donna S. Spencer (defendant) for summary judgment dismissing the complaint against her. In appeal No. 2, plaintiff appeals from an order settling the record on appeal.
Addressing first the order in appeal No. 2, we agree with plaintiff that Supreme Court erred in excluding from the record on appeal the transcript of its bench decision. "The complete record on appeal shall include ... the decision, if any, of the court granting the order or judgment" (22 NYCRR 1000.4 [a][2] ), as well as " ‘any relevant transcripts of proceedings before the [court]’ " (Kai Lin v. Strong Health [Appeal No. 1], 82 A.D.3d 1585, 1586, 919 N.Y.S.2d 610, lv. dismissed in part and denied in part 17 N.Y.3d 899, 933 N.Y.S.2d 649, 957 N.E.2d 1153, rearg. denied 18 N.Y.3d 878, 939 N.Y.S.2d 291, 962 N.E.2d 783 ; see 22 NYCRR 1000.4 [a][2] ). Indeed, "trial courts have an obligation to the litigants to provide a basis for their decisions" (Cellino & Barnes, P.C. v. Law Off. of Christopher J. Cassar, P.C., 140 A.D.3d 1732, 1735, 35 N.Y.S.3d 606 [DeJoseph, J., dissenting]; see Corina v. Boys & Girls Club of Schenectady, Inc., 82 A.D.3d 1477, 1477, 919 N.Y.S.2d 553 n). The record belies defendant's contention that the transcript in question did not constitute the basis for the court's decision. Thus, inasmuch as our rules mandate the inclusion of the court's decision in the record on appeal, we conclude that the court erred in excluding the transcript of its bench decision (see Kai Lin, 82 A.D.3d at 1586, 919 N.Y.S.2d 610 ). We therefore reverse the order in appeal No. 2 insofar as appealed from and grant plaintiff's motion to settle the record in its entirety.
With respect to appeal No. 1, we agree with plaintiff that the court erred in granting those parts of defendant's cross motion for summary judgment dismissing the first and sixth causes of action, in which plaintiff alleges in relevant part that it held an equitable mortgage on defendant's interest in a parcel of property and seeks foreclosure. "The whole doctrine of equitable mortgages is founded upon that cardinal maxim of equity which regards that as done which has been agreed to be done, and ought to have been done" (Sprague v. Cochran, 144 N.Y. 104, 114, 38 N.E. 1000 ; see Canandaigua Natl. Bank & Trust Co. v. Palmer, 119 A.D.3d 1422, 1423, 990 N.Y.S.2d 747 ). " ‘[A] court will impose an equitable mortgage where the facts surrounding a transaction evidence that the parties intended that a specific piece of property is to be held or transferred to secure an obligation’ " (Canandaigua Natl. Bank & Trust Co., 119 A.D.3d at 1424, 990 N.Y.S.2d 747 ; see Tornatore v. Bruno, 12 A.D.3d 1115, 1117, 785 N.Y.S.2d 820 ). Such intent must "clearly appear from the language and the attendant circumstances" (Pennsylvania Oil Prods. Ref. Co. v. Willrock Producing Co., 267 N.Y. 427, 434–435, 196 N.E. 385 ; see Canandaigua Natl. Bank & Trust Co., 119 A.D.3d at 1424, 990 N.Y.S.2d 747 ).
In support of her cross motion, defendant submitted an affidavit in which she stated that she was an owner of the subject property, her former husband was the only signatory to the note and mortgage instrument, and she did not sign the note or the mortgage instrument. The affidavit, however, contained no sworn statements regarding her intent, or lack thereof, to create a mortgage on her interest in the property. We thus conclude that defendant failed to meet her burden of establishing as a matter of law that plaintiff does not hold an equitable mortgage on defendant's interest in the property inasmuch as she "failed to establish that there was no intent by plaintiff and [herself] to create a mortgage [encumbering] the [entire] property" at the time the mortgage was executed (Village of Philadelphia v. FortisUS Energy Corp., 48 A.D.3d 1193, 1196, 851 N.Y.S.2d 780 ). We also agree with plaintiff that the court erred in granting that part of defendant's cross motion for summary judgment dismissing the third cause of action, for unjust enrichment. The elements of an unjust enrichment cause of action are that (1) the defendant was enriched; (2) the enrichment was at the expense of the plaintiff; and (3) it would be inequitable to allow the defendant to retain that which is claimed by the plaintiff (see Mandarin Trading Ltd. v. Wildenstein, 16 N.Y.3d 173, 182, 919 N.Y.S.2d 465, 944 N.E.2d 1104 ; Canandaigua Emergency Squad, Inc. v. Rochester Area Health Maintenance Org., Inc., 108 A.D.3d 1181, 1183, 969 N.Y.S.2d 683 ). Here, we conclude that defendant failed to establish that she was entitled to judgment as a matter of law with respect to the cause of action for unjust enrichment (see generally Winegrad v. New York Univ. Med. Ctr., 64 N.Y.2d 851, 853, 487 N.Y.S.2d 316, 476 N.E.2d 642 ). Contrary to defendant's contention, her relationship to plaintiff is not too attenuated to sustain an unjust enrichment cause of action inasmuch as she is an owner of the property on which plaintiff holds a mortgage (see generally Mandarin Trading Ltd., 16 N.Y.3d at 182, 919 N.Y.S.2d 465, 944 N.E.2d 1104 ).
We therefore modify the order in appeal No. 1 by denying the cross motion in part and reinstating the causes of action against defendant for equitable mortgage and unjust enrichment.
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously modified on the law by denying the cross motion in part and reinstating the first, third, and sixth causes of action against defendant Donna S. Spencer, and as modified the order is affirmed without costs.