Opinion
01-13-2015
NEW YORK CITY PARENTS UNION, et al., Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. The BOARD OF EDUCATION OF the CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT OF the CITY OF NEW YORK, et al., Defendants–Respondents, Harlem Success Academy Charter School, I, et al., Intervenor–Defendants–Respondents.
Advocate for Justice, New York (Arthur Z. Schwartz of counsel), for appellants. Zachary W. Carter, Corporation Counsel, New York (Tahirih M. Sadrieh of counsel), for Board of Education of the City School District of the City of New York, and Dennis M. Walcott, respondents. Kirkland & Ellis LLP, New York (Jay P. Lefkowitz of counsel), for Harlem Success Academy Charter School 1, Harlem Success Academy Charter School 4, Ocean Hill Collegiate Charter School, Empower Charter School, New Visions Charter High School for Humanities, Democracy Preparatory Charter School, New Visions Charter High School for Advanced Math and Science, Teaching Firms of America Charter School, Invictus Preparatory Charter School, Summit Academy Charter School, Dream Charter School, Brooklyn Charter School, Inwood Academy for Leadership Charter School, La Cima Elementary Charter School, Coney Island Preparatory Charter School, South Bronx Classical Charter School, Girls Preparatory Charter School, and New York City Charter School Center, respondents.
Advocate for Justice, New York (Arthur Z. Schwartz of counsel), for appellants. Zachary W. Carter, Corporation Counsel, New York (Tahirih M. Sadrieh of counsel), for Board of Education of the City School District of the City of New York, and Dennis M. Walcott, respondents.
Kirkland & Ellis LLP, New York (Jay P. Lefkowitz of counsel), for Harlem Success Academy Charter School 1, Harlem Success Academy Charter School 4, Ocean Hill Collegiate Charter School, Empower Charter School, New Visions Charter High School for Humanities, Democracy Preparatory Charter School, New Visions Charter High School for Advanced Math and Science, Teaching Firms of America Charter School, Invictus Preparatory Charter School, Summit Academy Charter School, Dream Charter School, Brooklyn Charter School, Inwood Academy for Leadership Charter School, La Cima Elementary Charter School, Coney Island Preparatory Charter School, South Bronx Classical Charter School, Girls Preparatory Charter School, and New York City Charter School Center, respondents.
TOM, J.P., FRIEDMAN, SAXE, KAPNICK, JJ.
Judgment, Supreme Court, New York County (Barbara Jaffe, J.), entered June 19, 2013, dismissing the complaint, unanimously affirmed, without costs.
Plaintiffs are two public school parent advocacy groups, an advocacy group for poor and working-class people, and parents of children who attend or attended public schools. They contend that defendant Board of Education's (BOE) practice of co-locating charter schools within traditional public schools without requiring them to pay rent violates the Education Law and Article XI of the New York Constitution, and results in an unequal allocation of funding between charter schools and public schools and inequitable treatment of public school students.
The argument that BOE's failure to charge co-located charter schools for their use of public school building facilities violates Education Law § 2853(4)(c) has been rendered moot by the enactment of an amendment to the law, effective April 1, 2014, providing that "[a] school district shall permit any charter school granted approval to co-locate, to use such services and facilities without cost" (see L. 2014, ch. 56, part BB, § 1) (see Matter of Spano v. O'Rourke, 59 N.Y.2d 946, 949, 466 N.Y.S.2d 302, 453 N.E.2d 531 [1983] ).
Plaintiffs' remaining statutory claims allege violations of Education Law §§ 2853(3)(a–3) and 2590–h. However, plaintiffs did not exhaust their administrative remedies before seeking judicial review (see Education Law § 310 [7 ] ), and they have not demonstrated the futility of pursuing those remedies or another exception to the exhaustion doctrine (Matter of R.B. v. Department of Educ. of the City of N.Y., 115 A.D.3d 440, 981 N.Y.S.2d 413 [1st Dept.2014] ).
The constitutional claim fails to state a cause of action since it does not adequately allege "the deprivation of a sound basic education" and "causes attributable to the State" ( New York Civ. Liberties Union v. State of New York, 4 N.Y.3d 175, 178–179, 791 N.Y.S.2d 507, 824 N.E.2d 947 [2005] ). Plaintiffs allege that the education provided to traditional public school students is inferior to that provided to co-located charter school students. However, the soundness of a basic education is not measured by comparing the educational opportunities offered by other districts or other schools (see
Reform Educ. Fin. Inequities Today [R.E.F.I.T.] v. Cuomo, 86 N.Y.2d 279, 631 N.Y.S.2d 551, 655 N.E.2d 647 [1995] ). The complaint gives examples of poor conditions in four public schools, but it does not allege any " district- wide" failure (see New York Civ. Liberties Union, 4 N.Y.3d at 182, 791 N.Y.S.2d 507, 824 N.E.2d 947 ), and it does not allege that as a result of these conditions the students in these four schools are being deprived of the opportunity to learn "basic literacy, calculating, and verbal skills" (see Campaign for Fiscal Equity v. State of New York, 86 N.Y.2d 307, 316, 631 N.Y.S.2d 565, 655 N.E.2d 661 [1995] ).
We have considered plaintiffs' remaining arguments and find them unavailing.