Opinion
CAUSE NO. 1:15-cv-00249-SLC
11-09-2017
JESSE NORWOOD, Plaintiff, v. EAST ALLEN COUNTY SCHOOLS, Defendant.
OPINION AND ORDER
Before the Court is pro se Plaintiff Jesse Norwood's Motion for a Court Appointed Attorney filed on November 3, 2017 (DE 137), requesting that the Court appoint counsel to represent him because he is unable to afford an attorney and because a personal matter prevents him from continuing to represent himself. Norwood was initially represented by counsel in this case. (See, e.g., DE 1). However, following a breakdown in the attorney-client relationship, the Court granted Norwood's counsel's motion for leave to withdraw (DE 17), and Norwood chose to proceed pro se (DE 20).
Civil litigants do not have a right, either constitutional or statutory, to court-appointed counsel. Pruitt v. Mote, 503 F.3d 647, 649 (7th Cir. 2007) (citing Jackson v. Cty. of McLean, 953 F.2d 1070, 1071 (7th Cir. 1992)); Luttrell v. Nickel, 129 F.3d 933, 936 (7th Cir. 1997); Zarnes v. Rhodes, 64 F.3d 285, 288 (7th Cir. 1995). Rather, district courts are empowered to appoint an attorney to represent a plaintiff without charge when he is "unable to afford counsel," 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1), or "in such circumstances as the court may deem just," 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)(1). The Seventh Circuit has instructed that the following factors should be weighed by the district court when determining whether appointment of counsel is warranted: (1) whether the plaintiff has made a reasonable attempt to obtain counsel or been effectively precluded from doing so; and (2) given the difficulty of the case, whether the plaintiff appears competent to litigate it himself. Pruitt, 503 F.3d at 654-58; Sherrill v. Potter, 329 F. App'x 672, 674-75 (7th Cir. 2009) (applying the Pruitt factors in a Title VII case); Darden v. Ill. Bell Tel. Co., 797 F.2d 497, 500-01 (7th Cir. 1986) (instructing the court to consider "the merits of the plaintiff's claim, the plaintiff's diligence in attempting to obtain a lawyer, and the plaintiff's financial ability to retain counsel" when considering a motion to appoint counsel under Title VII (citation omitted)).
Here, there is a threshold problem with Norwood's request for counsel. "[P]roceeding in forma pauperis pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915 is a prerequisite to appointment of counsel under 1915." Hairston v. Blackburn, No. 09-cv-598, 2010 WL 145793, at *10 (S.D. Ill. Jan. 12, 2010). Norwood has already paid the filing fee (see DE 1), and he has not applied to proceed in forma pauperis. This is sufficient to deny Norwood's request for counsel at the outset. See Shoultz v. Ill. State Univ., No. 10-cv-1046, 2010 WL 744576, at *1 (C.D. Ill. Feb. 26, 2010) ("The Court has determined that Plaintiff is not indigent, and thus declines to seek pro bono representation on his behalf." (collecting cases)). Further, although Norwood claims in his motion that he is unable to afford an attorney (DE 137), his former counsel's motion for leave to withdraw was premised on a breakdown of the attorney-client relationship and not an inability to compensate counsel (DE 17).
But even if Norwood had satisfied the in forma pauperis requirement, he has not shown any effort to obtain new counsel. This Court has previously required that a pro se plaintiff contact at least three attorneys concerning his case before the Court will consider appointing an attorney. See, e.g., Pollard v. Meadows, No. 1:15-cv-00330-RLM-SLC, 2016 WL 128531, at *1 (N.D. Ind. Jan. 11, 2016). Therefore, Norwood fails to satisfy this threshold requirement concerning a request for recruitment of counsel. Jackson, 953 F.2d at 1073 ("If, however, the indigent has made no reasonable attempts to secure counsel (unless circumstances prevented him from doing so), the court should deny any § 1915(d) motions outright.").
Furthermore, it is evident that Norwood is capable of representing himself in this matter. This suit is a relatively straightforward employment discrimination action: Norwood claims that his former employer, East Allen County Schools, discriminated against him based on his race and constructively discharged him. Therefore, the level of difficulty involved in litigating this case is a factor that cuts against Norwood's request for counsel. See, e.g., Jagla v. LaSalle Bank, No. 05 C 6460, 2006 WL 1005728, at *5 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 12, 2006) (denying plaintiff's request for counsel in a straightforward national origin discrimination case, observing that the issue did not involve any "nonintuitive procedural requirements applied in a setting of complex legal doctrine" (quoting Hughes v. Joliet Corr. Ctr., 931 F.2d 425, 429 (7th Cir. 1991))).
Moreover, Norwood advised the Court that he would proceed pro se more than a year ago, on November 3, 2016. (DE 20). Since then Norwood has participated in various hearings (e.g., DE 82; DE 111), filed numerous motions (e.g., DE 61; DE 113), and engaged in discovery with Defendant (e.g., DE 84; DE 99). It is evident that Norwood is articulate, assertive, and possesses good communication skills, certainly at a sufficient level to proceed pro se. Cf. Dewitt v. Corizon, Inc., 760 F.3d 654, 658 (7th Cir. July 25, 2014) (reversing a district court's denial of request for counsel pertaining to "a blind and indigent prisoner with a tenth-grade education and no legal experience" in a case involving complicated medical matters); Henderson v. Ghosh, 755 F.3d 559, 567 (7th Cir. 2014) (reversing a district court's denial of request for counsel where the record reflected plaintiff's low IQ, functional illiteracy, and poor education). Also, Norwood is not incarcerated, and thus, he has the freedom and ability to perform his own legal research.
In sum, Norwood has not established that he is unable to pay for representation, that he has attempted to obtain counsel, or that he lacks the ability to represent himself. Consequently, Norwood's request for court-appointed counsel (DE 137) is DENIED.
SO ORDERED.
Entered this 9th day of November 2017.
/s/ Susan Collins
Susan Collins
United States Magistrate Judge