Opinion
No. 16AP-191
08-23-2016
Redan R. Norman, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Franklin County Prosecuting Attorney, Ron O'Brien et al., Defendants-Appellees.
On brief: Redan R. Norman, pro se. On brief: Ron O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, Jason S. Wagner, for appellees.
(C.P.C. No. 15CV-10711) (ACCELERATED CALENDAR) DECISION On brief: Redan R. Norman, pro se. On brief: Ron O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, Jason S. Wagner, for appellees. APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas LUPER SCHUSTER, J.
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Redan R. Norman, appeals from a judgment entry of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas granting the motion to dismiss of defendants-appellees, Franklin County Prosecutor Ron O'Brien and Judge Dale A. Crawford. For the following reasons, we affirm.
I. Facts and Procedural History
{¶ 2} In 1999, a jury convicted Norman of two counts of aggravated murder and one count of kidnapping, all with specifications. Norman received a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Norman appealed his conviction and sentence, and this court affirmed. State v. Norman, 10th Dist. No. 99AP-398 (Dec. 23, 1999).
{¶ 3} On December 1, 2015, Norman filed a complaint for a declaratory judgment that the underlying criminal judgment is void because the trial court was not the proper venue and, thus, lacked subject-matter jurisdiction. Norman argued improper venue based on the victim's death certificate being issued in Fairfield County.
{¶ 4} Appellees responded in a December 31, 2015 motion to dismiss, asserting, pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(6), that Norman failed to state a claim on which relief may be granted. More specifically, appellees argued that Norman could not use an action for declaratory judgment as a substitute for a criminal appeal or to collaterally attack a criminal conviction. Additionally, appellees asserted statutory immunity. Norman responded in a January 20, 2016 memo in opposition. Appellees filed a reply on January 27, 2016.
{¶ 5} In a February 29, 2016 entry, the trial court granted appellees' motion to dismiss. The trial court concluded an action for declaratory judgment is an improper avenue for attacking a criminal conviction and thus dismissed Norman's complaint on that basis. Moreover, the trial court noted that because it granted appellees' motion based on the impropriety of using a declaratory judgment as a means of attacking a criminal conviction, it need not address appellees' immunity arguments. Norman timely appeals.
II. Assignments of Error
{¶ 6} Norman assigns the following errors for our review:
[1.] The court erred in dismissing appellant's declaratory judgment complaint without making a declaration of appellant's rights as required by law.III. First and Second Assignments of Error — Motion to Dismiss
[2.] The court abused its discretion when it made an ambiguous ruling of the issues before the court, and in doing so, failed to fulfill its function in a declaratory judgment action.
{¶ 7} Norman's first and second assignments of error are interrelated and we address them jointly. Together, they assert the trial court erred when it granted appellees' motion to dismiss.
{¶ 8} A Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim on which relief can be granted is procedural and tests the sufficiency of the complaint. State ex rel. Hanson v. Guernsey Cty. Bd. of Commrs., 65 Ohio St.3d 545, 548 (1992), citing Assn. for Defense of Washington Local School Dist. v. Kiger, 42 Ohio St.3d 116, 117 (1989). In ruling on a motion to dismiss, pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(6), the court must construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, presume all factual allegations in the complaint are true, and make all reasonable inferences in favor of the plaintiff. Mitchell v. Lawson Milk Co., 40 Ohio St.3d 190, 192 (1988). A trial court properly dismisses a complaint for failure to state a claim when it appears, beyond doubt, that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts entitling him to relief. Coleman v. Columbus State Community College, 10th Dist. No. 15AP-119, 2015-Ohio-4685, ¶ 6, citing Celeste v. Wiseco Piston, 151 Ohio App.3d 554, 2003-Ohio-703, ¶ 12 (11th Dist.). An appellate court reviews a decision on a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim on which relief can be granted under a de novo standard of review. Foreman v. Ohio Dept. of Rehab. & Corr., 10th Dist. No. 14AP-15, 2014-Ohio-2793, ¶ 9.
{¶ 9} "A declaratory judgment action is a civil action and provides a remedy in addition to other legal and equitable remedies available." Burge v. Ohio Atty. Gen., 10th Dist. No. 10AP-856, 2011-Ohio-3997, ¶ 7, citing Victory Academy of Toledo v. Zelman, 10th Dist. No. 07AP-1067, 2008-Ohio-3561, ¶ 8. " 'The essential elements for declaratory relief are (1) a real controversy exists between the parties, (2) the controversy is justiciable in character, and (3) speedy relief is necessary to preserve the rights of the parties.' " Id., quoting Walker v. Ghee, 10th Dist. No. 01AP-960 (Jan. 29, 2002). " 'A trial court properly dismisses a declaratory judgment action when no real controversy or justiciable issue exists between the parties.' " Id., quoting State v. Brooks, 133 Ohio App.3d 521, 525 (4th Dist.1999).
{¶ 10} In granting appellees' motion to dismiss, the trial court concluded Norman's complaint for declaratory judgment constituted an impermissible collateral attack on the judgment of conviction in Norman's criminal case. We agree. We have previously held "[i]t is well-settled that a declaratory judgment action cannot be used to collaterally attack a conviction or sentence in a criminal case." Id. at ¶ 10, citing Wilson v. Collins, 10th Dist. No. 10AP-511, 2010-Ohio-6538, ¶ 9. As we stated in Burge, a declaratory judgment action:
will not lie to determine whether rights theretofore adjudicated have been properly decided, nor will it lie to determine the propriety of judgments in prior actions between the same parties. An action for declaratory judgment cannot be used as a subterfuge for, or for the veiled purpose of, relitigating questions as to which a former judgment is conclusive. Declaratory relief does not provide a means whereby previous judgments by state or federal courts may be reexamined, nor is it a substitute for appeal or post conviction remedies.(Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id. at ¶ 10, quoting O'Donnell v. State, 4th Dist. No. 05CA3022, 2006-Ohio-2696, ¶ 13, and Wilson at ¶ 9.
{¶ 11} After review of the record, we find Norman is attempting to use a declaratory judgment action to collaterally attack his prior criminal conviction. As such, Norman does not present a justiciable controversy capable of resolution by declaration under the declaratory judgment act. Burge at ¶ 14; Wilson at ¶ 10. Thus, the trial court did not err in granting appellees' Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss. Accordingly, we overrule Norman's first and second assignments of error.
IV. Disposition
{¶ 12} Based on the foregoing reasons, the trial court did not err in granting appellees' Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim. Having overruled Norman's two assignments of error, we affirm the judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
Judgment affirmed.