Opinion
C.A. No. 99CA007506.
January 17, 2001.
APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO CASE NO. 99 CV 12 2589
WILLIAM W. OWENS, and TIMOTHY L. CARDWELL, Attorneys at Law, 2 Oak Street, Norwalk, Ohio 44857, for appellant.
TIMOTHY D. JOHNSON, and RANDY L. TAYLOR, Attorneys at Law, 2500 Terminal Tower, 50 Public Square, Cleveland, Ohio 44113-2241, for appellee.
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
This cause was heard upon the record in the trial court. Each error assigned has been reviewed and the following disposition is made:
Appellant Tracy Nitchman, executrix of her husband Todd Nitchman's estate, has appealed from the Lorain County Common Pleas Court's entry of summary judgment in favor of Appellee Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Company. This Court affirms.
I.
This case stems from a motor vehicle accident that claimed the life of Todd Nitchman, Appellant's husband. The accident occurred on March 27, 1998, near Amherst, Ohio, and was the result of the negligence of Robert Reed ("tortfeasor"). At the time, the tortfeasor carried a Nationwide automobile liability insurance policy with limits of $100,000 per person, $300,000 per occurrence. Thereafter, Nationwide paid Appellant the $100,000 in settlement of the per person limit.
On January 28, 1999, Appellant filed a complaint in the Lorain County Common Pleas Court, seeking declaratory relief as to the $300,000 per occurrence limit. Specifically, she claimed that she was entitled to the remaining $200,000 and that S.B. 20 was unconstitutional to the extent that it permitted Nationwide to limit recovery to the per person limit in the policy.
The parties submitted cross-motions for summary judgment. On November 1, 1999, the trial court denied Appellant's motion and, in turn, entered summary judgment in favor of Nationwide. Appellant timely appealed, asserting one assignment of error.
II.
The trial court erred in granting [Nationwide's] motion for summary judgment when [Nationwide] was not entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
For her sole assignment of error, Appellant has challenged the trial court's entry of summary judgment against her, claiming that the Ohio Constitution prohibits the restriction of the claims of beneficiaries in a wrongful death action to a single, per person limit. In essence, she has argued that the amended versions of R.C. 3937.18(H) and 3937.44, pursuant to S.B. 20, provide for the consolidation of wrongful death claims into a single per person limit and, therefore, create a limitation on the amount of damages in violation of § 19A, Article I, of the Ohio Constitution.
In response, Nationwide has asserted that this Court has already considered and rejected Appellant's constitutional claim. Specifically, Nationwide has invoked Smith v. Mancino (1997), 119 Ohio App.3d 418, arguing that civil damages recoverable for wrongful death are not limited by R.C. 3937.44. As a result, Nationwide has suggested that R.C. 3937.18(H) and 3937.44 do not violate § 19A, Article I, of the Ohio Constitution and, thus, are constitutional as a matter of law.
A. Summary Judgment Standard
In reviewing a trial court's ruling on a motion for summary judgment, this Court applies the same standard a trial court is required to apply in the first instance: whether there were any genuine issues of material fact and whether the moving party was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Parenti v. Goodyear Tire Rubber Co. (1990), 66 Ohio App.3d 826, 829. When the facts are undisputed, as in the instant case, this Court must determine de novo whether the trial court's judgment was appropriate as a matter of law.
B. Constitutionality of R.C. 3937.18(H) and 3937.44
To determine whether the trial court appropriately granted summary judgment to Nationwide, this Court reviews the sole contested issue, whether S.B. 20, and specifically, amended R.C. 3937.18(H) and 3937.44, violate the Ohio Constitution. "Statutes are presumed to be constitutional unless shown beyond a reasonable doubt to violate a constitutional provision." Beagle v. Walden (1997), 78 Ohio St.3d 59, 61, quoting Fabrey v. McDonald Police Dept. (1994), 70 Ohio St.3d 351, 352. In order to prevail in her motion for summary judgment, Appellant had the burden of showing beyond a reasonable doubt that S.B. 20, and more specifically R.C. 3937.18(H) and 3937.44, are unconstitutional.
As Nationwide aptly noted, this Court has previously held that R.C. 3937.18(H) and 3937.44, governing a "per person" limit for liability coverage, do not violate the Ohio Constitution's prohibition on limiting damages in wrongful death, because the statutes only limit the amount of coverage under the insurance contract. Smith, 119 Ohio App.3d at 422-423 and Maletz v. State Automobile Mut. Ins. Co. (Nov. 8, 2000), Medina App. No. 2991-M, unreported, at 6. Indeed, Appellant and the deceased's beneficiaries are free to pursue relief from the tortfeasor. Smith, 119 Ohio App.3d at 423. Appellant has not cited nor has this Court discovered any authority to the contrary. As such, Appellant's constitutional challenge is without merit.
The Smith decision reviewed a parallel provision for liability coverage, found in R.C. 3937.44, which permits the joinder of all derivative claims from a single bodily injury or death, to be subject to the per person coverage limit. R.C. 3937.44 became effective on October 20, 1994, and was intended to overrule the Ohio Supreme Court's contrary holding in Savoie v. Grange Mut. Ins. Co. (1993), 67 Ohio St.3d 500. Since Smith, the Supreme Court of Ohio has interpreted recent statutory changes in automobile insurance law in Ohio. Its two key decisions are Wolfe v. Wolfe (2000), 88 Ohio St.3d 246, and Moore v. State Auto. Mut. Ins. Co. (2000), 88 Ohio St.3d 27. In Wolfe, the Court interpreted R.C. 3937.31(A), mandating a two-year policy period for automobile insurance, as applicable not only to the initial two-year period following issuance of a policy, but also to successive policy renewals. Under Wolfe, the law to be applied in a case involving an automobile insurance policy will be the law in effect when the policy was issued or on the previous two-year policy anniversary date prior to the accident in question. The Moore opinion interpreted R.C. 3937.18(A)(1) as not limiting underinsured motorist coverage only to an insured who has suffered bodily injury.
Subsequent to issuing its opinions in Moore and Wolfe, the Supreme Court vacated judgments and remanded to the trial courts numerous cases pending before it, on the authority of Moore and Wolfe. However, upon review of the record, this Court concludes that Wolfe is inapplicable because no question as to the date of the initial contract of insurance has been raised. Furthermore, Moore has no application because R.C. 3937.18(A)(1) is not at issue. As a result, there is no need to vacate the judgment in the instant case and to remand the cause to the trial court.
III.
Appellant's assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
The Court finds that there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common Pleas, County of Lorain, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E).
Costs taxed to appellant.
Exceptions.
___________________________ DONNA J. CARR
BATCHELDER, P. J., WHITMORE, J., CONCUR