Summary
In Nash v. White's Bank of Buffalo (68 N.Y. 396) the notes transferred to the bank by the plaintiff were those of third persons, and the court held this was an actual payment as the plaintiff had parted with all his title, and it was equivalent to the payment of usurious interest in cash.
Summary of this case from Smith v. First National BankOpinion
Submitted January 16, 1877
Decided February 13, 1877
Joel L. Walker for the appellant.
Sherman S. Rogers for the respondent.
In order to maintain this action it was necessary for the plaintiff to establish, not only that a greater rate of interest than seven per cent had been charged by the defendants on the discounts set forth in the complaint, but that such interest had been paid by him. It is claimed on the part of the defendant that, although illegal interest is found to have been charged, the findings fail to show the payment of such interest.
The findings are that the commercial paper described in the complaint was presented by the plaintiff to the defendant for discount, and thereupon indorsed and transferred by the plaintiff to the defendant, who thereupon credited the plaintiff upon its books and upon the plaintiff's pass-book with the respective amounts for which the paper discounted was made or drawn, less the amount charged for the discount, which in each case exceeded seven per cent per annum, in advance, for the time the paper had to run, and that the same was charged intentionally and for the purpose of obtaining such greater rate of interest on the discount of such paper.
It thus appears that the plaintiff parted with his whole title to the paper, receiving credit only for the net proceeds after deducting the interest charged upon the discount, and the defendant acquired the title to the paper, and the right to enforce it against the makers for the full amount. The referee does not find that the paper has been paid, but the plaintiff has parted with all interest in it, and has thus paid the amount charged for discount, not in money, it is true, but in negotiable paper of third parties.
If the bank had credited the plaintiff with the full face of the paper discounted, and he had paid the sum charged for discount in other commercial paper of third parties, transferred for that specific purpose, the proposition might be more obvious, but it would not differ in principle. There is nothing in the statute which requires that the interest should be paid in money, to subject the receiver to liability. If paid in any other thing of specific value, I see no reason why it cannot be recovered back under this statute.
If the plaintiff had merely borrowed money of the banks, pledging the paper as security, he would not, of course, be deemed to have paid the interest until he paid off the loan. But that is not this case. There was no loan, but an absolute transfer of the paper to the bank.
In any point of view it seems to me that the facts found show a payment of the interest by the plaintiff. If the banks had paid to him the full face of the paper, and he had paid back to them the sums charged for discount, and had deposited the balance to his own credit, the same result precisely would be reached as that produced by simply crediting him in the first instance with the net balance after deducting the discount. He has parted with his securities, and has received only the balance remaining after the banks have taken out the discount.
The point made by the defendant that the paper discounted, being business paper, purchased by the defendants, there was no usury, does not aid its case. The question is not whether the transaction was usurious under the general statutes against usury, but arises under the act of 1870 (chapter 163), which prohibits banks from charging on any discount a rate greater than seven per cent.
The judgment should be reversed, and a new trial ordered, costs to abide event.
All concur.
Judgment reversed.