Summary
In Morrison v. City of Syracuse (45 App. Div. 421 and 53 App. Div. 490, affd 175 N.Y. 523) cited in Halpin (supra) plaintiff, who had a permit to ride a bicycle on certain city streets, twice had verdicts against the city for injuries sustained when her bicycle, in turning a corner, struck a depression in the plank sidewalk at such an angle as to throw her to the ground.
Summary of this case from Errante v. City of N.YOpinion
November Term, 1899.
Harry E. Newell, for the appellant.
Frederick A. Kuntzsch, for the respondent.
The defendant's counsel in his brief urges four objections to the plaintiff's recovery: First, that the plaintiff has not shown herself free from contributory negligence; second, that the defendant is not shown to be guilty of the negligence which caused the injury; third, that the plaintiff was unlawfully upon the walk; fourth, that the city was only bound to have its walks in a reasonably safe condition for pedestrians.
The exception which is made the basis of the fourth objection arose in response to the eleventh request to charge made by the defendant. The exception, as presented by the record, is as follows: "Mr. Newell: Eleventh. That the defendant was not an insurer of the safe condition of the walk as against accidents to persons using the same to ride bicycles upon. The Court: I will charge in that respect that they were obliged or bound to furnish a reasonably safe sidewalk for the purposes intended, that is, bicycle riding. Mr. Newell: Give me an exception to your Honor's refusal and to your Honor's modification."
In Sutphen v. Town of North Hempstead (80 Hun, 409) it is held: "A commissioner of highways owes no larger measure of duty to bicycle riders than to persons traveling upon the highways on ordinary vehicles; he is only bound to keep the highways in a condition which is reasonably safe for general and ordinary travel."
In Leslie v. City of Grand Rapids (78 N.W. Rep. [Mich.] 885) it is held: "Where a street is kept in a reasonably safe and fit condition for ordinary vehicles, such as wagons and carriages, the town is not liable for injuries received by one thrown from her bicycle by reason of its defective condition."
In Wheeler v. City of Boone (78 N.W. Rep. [Iowa] 909) it is held: "One injured while riding a tricycle on a sidewalk can recover only if the city was negligent in failing to keep the walk in suitable condition for people to walk over, and he, while riding the tricycle, exercising due care, was injured because of such neglect." In the opinion the court says: "The court instructed that while the city was required to keep its walks in reasonably safe condition for pedestrians exercising reasonable care, it was not required to keep them in safe condition for people riding thereon in tricycles; and, as the accident in this case occurred while plaintiff was on a tricycle, the liability of the city must be tested by the same rule that would obtain had plaintiff been walking and then been injured; that is, if the city was negligent in failing to keep the walk in suitable condition for people to walk over, and plaintiff, while riding on the tricycle, in the exercise of due care, was injured because of such neglect, he could recover. We think the rule a correct one. It differs from the oft-expressed rule only in this: that persons who have a right to ride on the sidewalks in such vehicles may rely, the same as footmen may, on the walks being in a suitable condition for people to walk over, and have the same rights in case of injuries resulting from neglect. Such a rule places no additional burden on the public and seems to be just as to the individual."
The permission given to the plaintiff to use the walk with her wheel was given upon the payment of a nominal fee paid, under the wording of the ordinance, "for recording." The general use of the bicycle is of such recent date that few of the sidewalks of a city have been built with reference thereto. If a municipality were required to furnish a sidewalk reasonably safe for bicycle riders, the whole system must be changed. This plaintiff already had the legal right to the use of this sidewalk as a pedestrian. As such the municipality was bound by law to use reasonable diligence to provide for her a walk reasonably safe. With the added permission to ride a bicycle thereupon, it could not have been intended by the municipal authorities to assume toward her any further or different obligation than already existed. Any stricter rule of responsibility would result in much litigation and a largely increased liability, and would make it impossible for municipalities to grant such permissions.
This objection is answered by the plaintiff's counsel by reference to a charge afterwards made by the trial judge, to the effect that the municipality did not owe to the plaintiff the exercise of the same degree of care and caution as to the condition of the walk in question that it did to a pedestrian walking upon the same. The jury might well have inferred, however, from this charge, that the municipality, not owing the same duty, owed to the plaintiff a greater duty than it owed to a pedestrian. But even if the inference were legitimate that the municipality owed to the plaintiff a lesser duty, in the way in which the charge was made in answer to the request, we are satisfied that the jury were not made clearly to understand that the municipality owed any less duty to the plaintiff than the duty to keep the walk in a reasonably safe condition for bicycle riding. The jury had been instructed that that was the measure of the defendant's duty. This was error. To repair the mischief in such error it should have been so clearly corrected as to satisfy the court that the jury have not been thereby misled. Of this we are not satisfied in the case at bar, and for this error, we think, the defendant is entitled to another trial.
It thus becomes unnecessary to examine the other objections to the judgment raised by the defendant.
All concurred.
Judgment and order reversed and new trial ordered, with costs to the appellant to abide the event.