Opinion
141 CAF 21-01809
03-17-2023
In the MATTER OF TYASIA T.S., also Known as Tyrenee S. Monroe County Department of Human Services, Petitioner-Respondent; v. Ruthanne J., Respondent-Appellant.
ERIK TEIFKE, ACTING PUBLIC DEFENDER, ROCHESTER (CLEA WEISS OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT-APPELLANT. JOHN P. BRINGEWATT, COUNTY ATTORNEY, ROCHESTER (AMANDA L. OREN OF COUNSEL), FOR PETITIONER-RESPONDENT. GARY MULDOON, ROCHESTER, ATTORNEY FOR THE CHILD.
ERIK TEIFKE, ACTING PUBLIC DEFENDER, ROCHESTER (CLEA WEISS OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT-APPELLANT.
JOHN P. BRINGEWATT, COUNTY ATTORNEY, ROCHESTER (AMANDA L. OREN OF COUNSEL), FOR PETITIONER-RESPONDENT.
GARY MULDOON, ROCHESTER, ATTORNEY FOR THE CHILD.
PRESENT: WHALEN, P.J., LINDLEY, CURRAN, BANNISTER, AND MONTOUR, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.
Memorandum: In this proceeding pursuant to Social Services Law § 384-b, respondent mother appeals from an order that, inter alia, terminated her parental rights with respect to the subject child on the ground of permanent neglect and transferred guardianship and custody of the child to petitioner. We affirm.
The mother contends that petitioner failed to establish by clear and convincing evidence that she permanently neglected the child because she "failed to plan appropriately for the child's future" ( Matter of Jerikkoh W. [Rebecca W.] , 134 A.D.3d 1550, 1551, 23 N.Y.S.3d 784 [4th Dept. 2015], lv denied 27 N.Y.3d 903, 2016 WL 1313366 [2016] ). We reject that contention. "It is well settled that, to plan substantially for a child's future, ‘the parent must take meaningful steps to correct the conditions that led to the child's removal’ " within a reasonable period of time ( id. ; see Matter of Nathaniel T. , 67 N.Y.2d 838, 840, 501 N.Y.S.2d 647, 492 N.E.2d 775 [1986] ; Matter of Faith K. [Jamie K.] , 203 A.D.3d 1568, 1569, 161 N.Y.S.3d 871 [4th Dept. 2022] ; see generally Social Services Law § 384-b [7] [c] ). Here, although the mother, inter alia, obtained stable housing, regularly attended visitation, and complied with substance abuse evaluations, we nonetheless conclude that the record establishes that the mother "did not successfully address or gain insight into the problems that led to the removal of the child and continued to prevent the child's safe return" ( Matter of Soraya S. [Kathryne T.] , 158 A.D.3d 1305, 1306, 70 N.Y.S.3d 737 [4th Dept. 2018], lv denied 31 N.Y.3d 908, 2018 WL 2728503 [2018] [internal quotation marks omitted]; Matter of Burke H. [Richard H.] , 134 A.D.3d 1499, 1501, 23 N.Y.S.3d 776 [4th Dept. 2015] ). Specifically, the record establishes that, despite her participation in certain recommended programs and services, the mother continued struggling to put into practice the parenting skills she had learned, which manifested in her failure to act appropriately during visits with the child. We note that the mother still had only supervised visits with the child although she participated in the recommended services and programs during a fairly extensive time span (see Matter of Nathan N. [Christopher R.N.] , 203 A.D.3d 1667, 1668-1669, 165 N.Y.S.3d 212 [4th Dept. 2022], lv denied 38 N.Y.3d 909, 170 N.Y.S.3d 540, 543, 190 N.E.3d 564, 567 [2022]).
Further, Family Court's decision to credit the testimony of a caseworker over that of the mother is entitled to great deference where, as here, the credibility determination is supported by the record, and we perceive no reason to disturb the court's determination (see Matter of D'Angel M.-B. [Donnell M.-B.] , 173 A.D.3d 1764, 1765, 105 N.Y.S.3d 632 [4th Dept. 2019], lv denied 34 N.Y.3d 911, 2020 WL 1426567 [2020] ; Matter of Terry L.G. , 6 A.D.3d 1144, 1145, 776 N.Y.S.2d 429 [4th Dept. 2004] ). In any event, aspects of the mother's testimony also support the court's determination. Of particular salience is the mother's testimony that she did not need mental health treatment any longer because she had completed one program, thereby demonstrating a lack of insight into one of the issues that led to the child's removal.
Contrary to the mother's further contention, the court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to issue a suspended judgment. "A suspended judgment is a brief grace period designed to prepare the parent to be reunited with the child" ( Matter of Aiden T. [Melissa S.] , 164 A.D.3d 1663, 1663, 84 N.Y.S.3d 658 [4th Dept. 2018], lv denied 32 N.Y.3d 917, 2019 WL 1285104 [2019] [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Family Ct Act § 633 ; Matter of Michael B. , 80 N.Y.2d 299, 310-311, 590 N.Y.S.2d 60, 604 N.E.2d 122 [1992] ) and "may be warranted where the parent has made sufficient progress in addressing the issues that led to the child's removal from custody" ( Matter of Brandon I.J. [Daisy D.] , 198 A.D.3d 1310, 1311, 155 N.Y.S.3d 652 [4th Dept. 2021], lv denied 38 N.Y.3d 901, 2022 WL 803787 [2022] ). Here, at the time of the dispositional hearing, the child had been in foster care for five years—effectively since birth—and during that time the mother failed to make substantial progress in addressing many of the issues that led to the removal of the child and had only supervised visits with her. We therefore conclude that the court properly determined that a suspended judgment was unwarranted (see Nathan N. , 203 A.D.3d at 1669, 165 N.Y.S.3d 212 ; Brandon I.J. , 198 A.D.3d at 1311, 155 N.Y.S.3d 652 ; Matter of Cheyenne C. [James M.] , 185 A.D.3d 1517, 1520-1521, 126 N.Y.S.3d 292 [4th Dept. 2020], lv denied 35 N.Y.3d 917, 158 N.E.3d 562, 563 133 N.Y.S.3d 545, 546 [2020]).
Even assuming, arguendo, that the court erred in refusing to qualify one of the mother's witnesses as an expert during the fact-finding hearing, we conclude that the error is harmless because, given the circumstances of the case, the outcome would have been the same had the witness been qualified as an expert (see Matter of Steven D., Jr. [Steven D., Sr.] , 188 A.D.3d 1770, 1772, 132 N.Y.S.3d 905 [4th Dept. 2020], lv denied 36 N.Y.3d 908, 2021 WL 1133679 [2021] ; see generally Matter of Alyshia M.R. , 53 A.D.3d 1060, 1061, 861 N.Y.S.2d 551 [4th Dept. 2008], lv denied 11 N.Y.3d 707, 868 N.Y.S.2d 599, 897 N.E.2d 1083 [2008] ).
Similarly, we conclude that any error by the court in precluding the mother from introducing testimony at the dispositional hearing concerning the assistance she would receive if the child were returned to her (see Matter of Natasha RR. , 42 A.D.3d 769, 773, 839 N.Y.S.2d 625 [3d Dept. 2007], lv denied 9 N.Y.3d 812, 846 N.Y.S.2d 603, 877 N.E.2d 653 [2007] ) is harmless in light of other evidence at that hearing that provided extensive support for the court's determination (see Matter of Kyle K. [Harry K.] , 72 A.D.3d 1592, 1593, 899 N.Y.S.2d 512 [4th Dept. 2010], lv denied 15 N.Y.3d 705, 2010 WL 3430842 [2010] ).