Opinion
2015-06-18
In the Matter of Dennis MOGIL et al., Respondents, v. BUILDING ESSENTIALS, INC., et al., Respondent, and Trees Unlimited, Inc., et al., Appellants.
The Crossmore Law Office, Ithaca (Edward Y. Crossmore of counsel), for appellants. Sharon M. Sulimowicz, Ithaca, for Dennis Mogil and another, respondents.
The Crossmore Law Office, Ithaca (Edward Y. Crossmore of counsel), for appellants. Sharon M. Sulimowicz, Ithaca, for Dennis Mogil and another, respondents.
Before: LAHTINEN, J.P., ROSE, DEVINE and CLARK, JJ.
LAHTINEN, J.P.
Appeals (1) from an order of the Supreme Court (Mulvey, J.), entered February 20, 2014 in Tompkins County, which, among other things, granted petitioners' application, in a proceeding pursuant to CPLR 5225 and 5227, to set aside certain transfers of assets from respondent Building Essentials, Inc. to respondents Trees Unlimited, Inc., Scott Howard and Mark Mecenas, and (2) from the judgment entered thereon.
Petitioners commenced an action against respondent Building Essentials, Inc. in March 2007, which resulted in an $81,266.37 judgment in November 2010. The judgment remained unsatisfied and, in June 2013, petitioners brought this proceeding alleging that Building Essentials had made fraudulent cash conveyances to respondents Scott Howard, Mark Mecenas and Trees Unlimited, Inc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as respondents). Howard and Mecenas owned all shares of Building Essentials, and Trees Unlimited was wholly owned by Howard. Following a trial, Supreme Court found, among other things, that petitioners had established both constructive and actual fraudulent transfers ( seeDebtor and Creditor Law §§ 273–a, 276). The court awarded petitioners (1) $15,209.93 plus interest from May 15, 2007 against Howard, (2) $37,710.25 plus interest from April 25, 2007 against Mecenas and (3) $5,004.75 plus interest from October 1, 2008 against Trees Unlimited. Judgment was entered thereon and respondents appeal.
Although we have broad authority to independently weigh the evidence when reviewing a nonjury trial, we defer to the trial court's credibility determinations and factual findings based thereon ( see Halpin v. Cheikhet, 90 A.D.3d 1211, 1212, 934 N.Y.S.2d 252 [2011]; Pronti v. Smutzinger, 52 A.D.3d 1015, 1016, 861 N.Y.S.2d 148 [2008] ). The proof at trial supports Supreme Court's findings of constructive and actual fraud. Regarding constructive fraud, Debtor and Creditor Law § 273–a states in pertinent part that “[e]very conveyance made without fair consideration when the person making it is a defendant in an action for money damages ... is fraudulent as to the plaintiff in that action without regard to the actual intent of the defendant if, after final judgment for the plaintiff, the defendant fails to satisfy the judgment.” After petitioners commenced the underlying action against Building Essentials, which resulted in an unsatisfied judgment, respondents made a series of transfers from Building Essentials to Howard, Mecenas and Trees Unlimited. The transfers resulted in corporate assets going directly to corporate insiders or an entity controlled by a corporate insider ( see Matter of Mega Personal Lines, Inc. v. Halton, 9 A.D.3d 553, 555, 780 N.Y.S.2d 409 [2004]; Matter of Superior Leather Co. v. Lipman Split Co., 116 A.D.2d 796, 797, 496 N.Y.S.2d 845 [1986] ). The record supports the finding that the payments were not made in good faith, which is “[a]n indispensable component of fair consideration” ( Matter of Superior Leather Co. v. Lipman Split Co., 116 A.D.2d at 797, 496 N.Y.S.2d 845). Moreover, Supreme Court's finding that, shortly after the underlying action against Building Essentials was commenced, respondents engaged in a pattern of purposefully depleting the corporation's assets—including making large payments to Howard and Mecenas—is amply based on proof found to be credible and supports the court's determination of actual fraud ( seeDebtor and Creditor Law § 276; Matter of Bernasconi v. Aeon, LLC, 105 A.D.3d 1167, 1167–1168, 963 N.Y.S.2d 437 [2013] ).
Supreme Court did not err in granting petitioners' motion to amend the petition to conform to the proof. A court has discretion to conform the pleadings to the proof on such terms as may be just unless doing so results in prejudice to the nonmoving party ( seeCPLR 3025[c]; Ravens Metal Prods. v. McGann, 267 A.D.2d 527, 530, 699 N.Y.S.2d 503 [1999]; Lewis & Clarkson v. October Mtn. Broadcasting Co., 131 A.D.2d 15, 17, 520 N.Y.S.2d 258 [1987] ). At the beginning of the trial, petitioners informed the court that they had just learned of additional allegedly fraudulent transfers after receiving bank statements of Building Essentials that had been produced as a result of a trial subpoena and that, although such information had been requested in discovery, it had not been previously produced. Petitioners stated that they would agree to an adjournment if respondents desired one, but that they otherwise planned to produce such proof, and they requested that their pleadings be conformed to the proof. Respondents, who rejected the suggested adjournment, did not show prejudice regarding proof contained in their own records. It was well within the court's discretion to grant petitioners' motion.
Contrary to respondents' contention, the accrual dates for interest used by Supreme Court did not constitute an abuse of its “broad discretion in determining a reasonable date from which to award interest” when, as here, damages occurred at various times ( Pozament Corp. v. AES Westover, LLC, 51 A.D.3d 1080, 1080, 857 N.Y.S.2d 766 [2008]; seeCPLR 5001[b] ). Respondents' argument on appeal that some of the early transactions should not have been considered because they were time-barred, although asserted in their answer, does not appear to have been raised by motion before trial or at the time of trial, and, in any event, is unpersuasive.
ORDERED that the order and judgment are affirmed, with costs.