Opinion
01-29-2015
Howard MIRANDA, Appellant, v. ESA HUDSON VALLEY, INC., Respondent.
Russell A. Schindler, Kingston, for appellant. Cook, Netter, Cloonan, Kurtz & Murphy, P.C., Kingston (Robert Cook of counsel), for respondent.
Russell A. Schindler, Kingston, for appellant.
Cook, Netter, Cloonan, Kurtz & Murphy, P.C., Kingston (Robert Cook of counsel), for respondent.
Before: McCARTHY, J.P., EGAN JR., DEVINE and CLARK, JJ.
Opinion
EGAN JR., J.Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court (Gilpatric, J.), entered February 7, 2013 in Ulster County, which, among other things, granted defendant's motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint.
Plaintiff began working for defendant as an ambulette driver in February 2009 and, after renewing his certification, was employed by defendant as a paramedic. In addition to providing patient care, plaintiff had certain responsibilities relative to defendant's supply of controlled substances, which were stored in a locker or “narcotics box” at defendant's facility. The locker/box in question contained two locked doors; for each shift, the emergency medical technician (hereinafter EMT) would be assigned a key to the outer door, and his or her paramedic partner would be assigned a key to the inner door—the basic premise being that no one individual would have access to the narcotics secured therein. In addition to maintaining the security of the controlled substances on hand, plaintiff also was responsible for conducting an inventory thereof and logging the controlled substances kit in and out of the locker at the beginning and end of each shift.
In October 2009, a fellow employee complained that plaintiff had touched him inappropriately, in response to which plaintiff was required to attend a sexual harassment seminar. No further disciplinary action was taken against plaintiff as a result of this incident. Thereafter, in December 2009, a nurse at a local hospital filed a complaint regarding plaintiff's allegedly abrasive behavior and, in a separate incident, plaintiff was overheard discussing patient care issues in public in violation of defendant's policies and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Again, although the disciplinary violations were noted in plaintiff's personnel file, no further action was taken. In January 2010, however, defendant became aware of certain discrepancies and/or inaccuracies in the entries made by plaintiff in defendant's controlled substances log and daily inventory sheets. After discovering the noted discrepancies, defendant's representatives reviewed the video surveillance of the area where the controlled substances locker is kept, at which time it was noted that the locker had not been properly secured. Specifically, after plaintiff and his EMT partner completed their assigned shift on the day in question and placed the controlled substances kit back in the locker, plaintiff locked the inner door with his assigned key; his EMT partner, however, not only failed to lock the outer door, but actually left his key in the outer door for approximately 45 minutes until he discovered his error. Citing what it believed to be a “serious violation of company policy regarding the security of controlled substances,” defendant terminated plaintiff's employment.
Plaintiff thereafter commenced this action against defendant alleging that he had been fired due to his sexual orientation. Following joinder of issue and discovery, defendant moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint, and plaintiff cross-moved to strike defendant's answer based upon the spoilation of evidence—specifically, certain records pertaining to the use and possession of the controlled substances kits during the time period at issue. Supreme Court granted defendant's motion and denied plaintiff's cross motion, prompting this appeal.
We affirm. To support a prima facie case of discrimination under the Human Rights Law (see Executive Law § 296[1][a] ), a plaintiff must establish: “(1) that he [or she] is a member of the class protected by the statute; (2) that he [or she] was actively or constructive discharged; (3) that he [or she] was qualified to hold the position from which he [or she] was terminated; and (4) that the discharge occurred under circumstances giving rise to an inference of ... discrimination” (Ferrante v. American Lung Assn., 90 N.Y.2d 623, 629, 665 N.Y.S.2d 25, 687 N.E.2d 1308 [1997] ; see DeKenipp v. State of New York, 97 A.D.3d 1068, 1069, 949 N.Y.S.2d 279 [2012] ; Singh v. State of N.Y. Off. of Real Prop. Servs., 40 A.D.3d 1354, 1355–1356, 837 N.Y.S.2d 378 [2007] ). Assuming that low threshold is met, “[t]he burden then shifts to the employer to rebut the presumption of discrimination by clearly setting forth, through the introduction of admissible evidence, legitimate, independent, and nondiscriminatory reasons to support its employment decision” (Ferrante v. American Lung Assn., 90 N.Y.2d at 629, 665 N.Y.S.2d 25, 687 N.E.2d 1308 [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; accord Horwitz v. L. & J.G. Stickley, 305 A.D.2d 956, 957, 760 N.Y.S.2d 588 [2003] ; see Di Mascio v. General Elec. Co., 27 A.D.3d 854, 855, 812 N.Y.S.2d 145 [2006] ; Moon v. Clear Channel Communications, 307 A.D.2d 628, 632, 763 N.Y.S.2d 157 [2003] ). If, in turn, the employer proffers the required nondiscriminatory reasons, “the plaintiff can avoid summary judgment by proving that the employer's stated reasons were merely a pretext for discrimination by demonstrating both that the stated reasons were false and that discrimination was the real reason” (Singh v. State of N.Y. Off. of Real Prop. Servs., 40 A.D.3d at 1356, 837 N.Y.S.2d 378 [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see Ferrante v. American Lung Assn., 90 N.Y.2d at 629–630, 665 N.Y.S.2d 25, 687 N.E.2d 1308 ; Di Mascio v. General Elec. Co., 27 A.D.3d at 855, 812 N.Y.S.2d 145 ; Sommerville v. R.C.I., 257 A.D.2d 884, 885, 684 N.Y.S.2d 53 [1999] ). “Notably, a challenge by a discharged employee to the correctness of an employer's decision does not, without more, give rise to the inference that the employee's discharge was due to ... discrimination” (Kelderhouse v. St. Cabrini Home, 259 A.D.2d 938, 939, 686 N.Y.S.2d 914 [1999] ; accord Ospina v. Susquehanna Anesthesia Affiliates, P.C., 23 A.D.3d 797, 799, 803 N.Y.S.2d 751 [2005], lv. denied 6 N.Y.3d 705, 812 N.Y.S.2d 34, 845 N.E.2d 466 [2006] ). Stated another way, “[i]t is not enough for the plaintiff to show that the employer made an unwise business decision, or an unnecessary personnel move. Nor is it enough to show that the employer acted arbitrarily or with ill will. These facts, even if demonstrated, do not necessarily show that [discrimination] was a motivating factor. [A] [p]laintiff cannot meet his [or her] burden of proving pretext simply by refuting or questioning the defendant['s] articulated reason” for terminating the plaintiff's employment (Ioele v. Alden Press, 145 A.D.2d 29, 36, 536 N.Y.S.2d 1000 [1989] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted] ).
Here, there is no question that plaintiff is a member of a class protected by the statute, that he was terminated from his employment and that he was otherwise qualified—during the relevant time period—to hold the position of a paramedic in defendant's organization. Although we are not entirely convinced that plaintiff was discharged under circumstances that give rise to the inference of unlawful discrimination, we will assume for purposes of the underlying summary judgment motion that plaintiff established a prima facie case of discrimination based upon his sexual orientation (cf. Ospina v. Susquehanna Anesthesia Affiliates, P.C., 23 A.D.3d at 798, 803 N.Y.S.2d 751 ), thereby shifting the burden to defendant.
In this regard, the record reflects that defendant indeed established a legitimate and nondiscriminatory basis for firing plaintiff—namely, plaintiff's violation of defendant's controlled substances policies and procedures. The EMT who was working with plaintiff on the day in question conceded that he left the outer door to the controlled substances locker unlocked and unattended—with the key in the lock—for approximately 45 minutes, and plaintiff acknowledged at his examination before trial that both doors of the controlled substances locker were to be locked at all times and, further, that leaving the outer door unlocked and unattended “wasn't something you're supposed to do.” Further, defendant's director of human resources averred—and another of defendant's representatives testified—that, as the paramedic, plaintiff was responsible for ensuring that both doors were securely locked at all times. As defendant demonstrated a nondiscriminatory reason for terminating plaintiff's employment, our inquiry distills to whether plaintiff, in turn, tendered sufficient admissible proof “to show the existence of a material issue of fact as to the falsity of the employer's asserted reason[s] for the termination and that the discrimination was more likely than not the real reason for such termination” (Sommerville v. R.C.I., 257 A.D.2d at 885, 684 N.Y.S.2d 53 ; see Singh v. State of N.Y. Off. of Real Prop. Servs., 40 A.D.3d at 1356, 837 N.Y.S.2d 378 ).
Even assuming, as plaintiff now contends, that he was falsely accused of entering inaccurate information on the controlled substances log and inventory sheets and, further, that defendant mistakenly held him accountable for ensuring that both doors to the controlled substances locker were secured, plaintiff's Executive Law claim survives only if he can demonstrate that the stated basis for his termination “was designed to mask ... discrimination” (Sommerville v. R.C.I., 257 A.D.2d at 885, 684 N.Y.S.2d 53 ). This he failed to do. Plaintiff testified that, as early as July 2009, he notified his superiors that some of his coworkers were making inappropriate sexual comments in the workplace (not necessarily directed at him); in the course of doing so, plaintiff advised certain of his superiors that he was gay. Plaintiff further acknowledged that defendant did not take any adverse action against him due to his sexual orientation prior to October 2009. Although plaintiff contends that, from that point on, he was on a “hit list,” the fact remains that plaintiff was the subject of disciplinary complaints in October 2009 and December 2009 and, yet, remained employed because defendant concluded that such incidents “did not warrant taking any further disciplinary action against [plaintiff].” The fact that defendant refrained from terminating plaintiff's employment based upon these earlier—and comparatively minor—disciplinary infractions militates against a finding that discrimination was the real reason behind plaintiff's termination from his employment in January 2010. As defendant's director of human resources succinctly stated, “If we wanted to terminate [plaintiff] due to his sexual orientation, clearly we [c]ould have done so when we received the employee complaint of [inappropriate touching]” in October 2009. Accordingly, we are satisfied that defendant demonstrated its entitlement to summary judgment dismissing the complaint. Plaintiff's remaining contentions, including his assertion that Supreme Court abused its discretion in denying his cross motion to strike defendant's answer, have been examined and found to be lacking in merit.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed, with costs.
McCARTHY, J.P., DEVINE and CLARK, JJ., concur.