Opinion
Argued April 22, 1913
Decided May 6, 1913
Clarence L. Crabb for appellant.
Samuel Child for respondent.
The defendant is a savings bank, in which plaintiff's intestate at the time of her death had money on deposit. The plaintiff's husband and administrator, being unable to find the pass book issued to her by the defendant evidencing the deposit, notified the officers of the bank and requested payment to him of the amount credited to the decedent's account. The defendant's officers refused payment unless plaintiff should give a bond of indemnity against loss. This the plaintiff refused to do, and he brought this action to recover the deposit.
The case was tried before the court without a jury, and judgment was rendered in favor of the defendant. The learned trial court held, in substance, that the complaint was fatally defective because it did not allege the loss of the pass book or any facts tending to excuse its non-production and presentation, and that the proof did not show any excuse for its non-production. The judgment entered upon this decision was affirmed at the Appellate Division by a divided court.
Before proceeding to discuss the case on the merits, it may be well to dispose of the suggestion that the complaint was insufficient. Counsel for the defendant raised this point by motion to dismiss the complaint at the opening of the trial, and the motion was then denied, but the formal decision later filed by the trial court contains the express finding that the complaint does not state a cause of action. In this ruling we think the court was in error. The complaint alleges the plaintiff's appointment and qualification as administrator, the facts concerning the deposit, his demand for the money represented by it, and the refusal of the bank to pay. This was enough to put the defendant upon its defense. The answer of the defendant, after certain denials and admissions which need not be specified, sets forth the by-laws of the bank which will be referred to hereafter, and alleges that the plaintiff had never presented the pass book.
The pleading simply raised the usual issue between a depositor and his depositary where there is a failure to pay the amount deposited. There are, of course, special statutory and substantive legal rules applicable to savings banks as distinguished from the ordinary business or discount banks, but the relation between savings banks and their depositors is nevertheless that of debtor and creditor. ( People v. Mechanics Traders' Savings Inst., 92 N.Y. 7.) The defendant was, therefore, indebted to the plaintiff in the amount of the deposit. His complaint setting forth the facts on which that indebtedness was based was sufficient, and if for any reason the defendant deemed itself entitled to withhold the deposit for its own security, the facts justifying such conduct were properly to be pleaded in its answer. The defendant evidently recognized this as the proper procedure, for it alleged the non-presentation of the pass book as one of its defenses. It was not necessary for the plaintiff affirmatively to plead the loss of the book; that was a matter of evidence admissible to meet the defense that it had not been presented. The complaint must, therefore, be regarded as sufficient.
The further question remains to be determined whether the defendant presented any evidence which justified it in withholding from the plaintiff the amount of this deposit. Upon that issue the material facts found by the trial court are undisputed. Wilhelmina Mierke, at the time of her death, on November 29, 1910, had on deposit in the defendant bank the sum of $900. The plaintiff is her husband and administrator. Immediately after her death he searched for the pass book issued by the defendant to her but was unable to find it, and on the day of her death he went to the bank and informed its officials of his inability to find the book. On January 6, 1911, the plaintiff was appointed administrator, and filed with the bank a copy of the letters appointing him. After that he had several interviews with the officials of the defendant in which he repeatedly informed them of the loss of the pass book and demanded payment to himself as administrator of the amount of his wife's deposit. The officials of the bank refused payment unless he would give to the bank a bond in double the amount of the deposit indemnifying it against loss. This he refused to do. On the following February 28th, which was nearly two months after his appointment as administrator, he commenced this action.
The Banking Law (Consolidated Laws, ch. 2) contains many provisions for the regulation of savings banks. Section 143 provides that the sums deposited shall be repaid to depositors or their legal representatives in such manner and "after such previous notice, and under such regulations, as the board of trustees shall prescribe. Such regulations shall be posted in a conspicuous place in the room where the business of the corporation shall be transacted, and shall be printed in the pass books." Section 152, so far as material, provides that no check of a depositor shall be paid "unless the pass book of the depositor be produced, * * *. The board of trustees may, by their by-laws, provide for making payments in cases of loss of pass book, or other exceptional cases where the pass book cannot be produced without loss or serious inconvenience to depositors."
In pursuance of these statutory provisions the defendant's board of trustees adopted by-laws which were regularly printed in its pass books and posted in its banking room. Among other provisions, these by-laws provided: "This bank will as a rule, pay all deposits on demand, yet it reserves the right to require ninety days notice at its office of intention to withdraw deposits; the intent of this rule being solely to protect the bank and its depositors in time of public excitement and danger." "No money can be withdrawn or deposited except on production of the pass book." "In case a pass book shall be lost immediate notice shall be given to the Bank in writing, when payment upon such book will be stopped."
The by-law providing for ninety days' notice of intention to withdraw presents no obstacles to the plaintiff's recovery, as the bank never indicated its intention to require any such notice. Nor does the by-law requiring written notice in case of the loss of pass book avail the defendant. The proof here clearly discloses that while the bank was promptly and repeatedly informed of the loss of the pass book, it never intimated any desire for written notice, but on the contrary based its refusal to pay squarely on the ground that the plaintiff must give a bond of indemnity.
We have, therefore, to decide whether the failure to produce the pass book under the circumstances disclosed by the record warranted the refusal to pay. The statute and the bank's by-laws provide that the book must be presented. The statute further provides that the bank may adopt by-laws to provide for a case in which the pass book has been lost. The defendant's trustees have adopted no by-law providing for such a case, except that it would require notice in writing. While the plaintiff gave no written notice, the defendant did not complain of that informality and this requirement was clearly waived. No request was made of the plaintiff for further evidence of the loss of the book or of the circumstances surrounding its disappearance, and the question whether he has given satisfactory evidence of the circumstances by affidavit or otherwise does not arise here, as it did in the case of Warhus v. Bowery Savings Bank ( 21 N.Y. 543), where the plaintiff refused to comply with the defendant's reasonable request for satisfactory evidence of the loss. In the case at bar the refusal to pay is based solely on the ground that the bank was entitled to a bond of indemnity. There is nothing in its by-laws entitling it to insist upon such a condition and in the absence of such a provision we do not think it was justified in resisting the plaintiff's claim on that ground. Whether a by-law requiring a depositor or his legal representatives to give a bond can be regarded as a reasonable condition is a question we are not now called upon to decide. All that we decide in the present case is that the plaintiff alleged and proved all the facts necessary under the circumstances to make out a good cause of action. ( Zander v. N.Y. Security Trust Co., 178 N.Y. 208.)
The judgment should be reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to abide the event.
CULLEN, Ch. J., GRAY, HISCOCK, COLLIN, CUDDEBACK and MILLER, JJ., concur.
Judgment reversed, etc.